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MediaWiki:Sitenotice

2025-10-14T14:09:32Z

Luke: -top

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MediaWiki:Sitenotice

2025-10-14T14:09:21Z

Luke: +padding

<div style="text-align:center;padding:1em;">'''This wiki has been closed''' due to inactivity. Thank you for your support of the WickedGov projects.</div>

MediaWiki:Sitenotice

2025-09-19T11:45:55Z

Luke: +

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Main Page

2025-09-15T23:59:52Z

Luke: close for the time being due to inactivity

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<div id="mp-topbox"><div id="mp-welcome">This wiki has been closed.</div>
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<p>'''[[Special:AllPages|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]''' {{PLURAL:{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}|article|articles}} ⸱ '''[[Special:RecentChanges|{{NUMBEROFEDITS}}]]''' edits ⸱ '''[[Special:ActiveUsers|{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}}]]''' {{PLURAL:{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}}|recent editor|recent editors}}</p></div></div>

User talk:Luke

2025-04-01T00:12:26Z

Luke: Create

User talk:ENIACbot

2025-04-01T00:12:12Z

Luke: Redirected page to User talk:Luke

#REDIRECT [[User talk:Luke]]

User:ENIACbot

2025-04-01T00:10:51Z

Luke: Created page with "'''This user is a bot''' operated by User:Luke|. It is used to automatically fix double redirects as well as to delete broken redirects (for this task, it also has administrator privileges). Luke can be contacted at his talk page; in an emergency, the bot can also be blocked if it is malfunctioning."

'''This user is a bot''' operated by [[User:Luke|Luke]]. It is used to automatically fix [[Special:DoubleRedirects|double redirects]] as well as to delete [[Special:BrokenRedirects|broken redirects]] (for this task, it also has [[m:SYSOP|administrator]] privileges). Luke can be contacted at [[User talk:Luke|his talk page]]; in an emergency, the bot can also be [[Special:Block/ENIACbot|blocked]] if it is malfunctioning.

Android OS

2025-03-31T14:18:34Z

Luke: rm empty reference

[[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)|Android]] is a widely used operating system used by nearly all non-[[Wikipedia:IOS|Apple]] smartphones, including [[Wikipedia:Google Pixel|Google Pixel]], [[Wikipedia:Samsung Galaxy|Samsung Galaxy]], and many more. (Side note, Samsung Galaxy does run on [[Wikipedia:One UI|One UI]] but is still powered by Android)

==UPDATE HISTORY==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Internal codename<ref name="Codenames">{{Cite web |title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers |url=https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |access-date=June 1, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122032/https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Version number(s)
! [[API]] level
! Release date
! Latest security patch date<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android Security Bulletins |url=https://source.android.com/security/bulletin |access-date=February 8, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134818/https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Latest [[Google Play Services]] version<ref>{{cite web |title=Google System Release Notes |url=https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513094036/https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |url-status=live }}</ref> (release date)
|-
| [[Android 1.0]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{Version|o|1.0}}
| 1
| September 23, 2008
| rowspan="18" {{N/A}}
| rowspan="7" {{N/A}}
|-
| [[Android 1.1]]
| Petit Four
| {{Version|o|1.1}}
| 2
| February 9, 2009
|-
| [[Android Cupcake]]
| Cupcake
| {{Version|o|1.5}}
| 3
| April 27, 2009
|-
| [[Android Donut]]
| Donut
| {{Version|o|1.6}}
| 4
| September 15, 2009
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Eclair]]
| rowspan="3" | Eclair
| {{Version|o|2.0}}
| 5
| October 27, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.0.1}}
| 6
| December 3, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.1}}
| 7
| January 11, 2010<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |title=Android 2.1 SDK |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Android Froyo]]
| Froyo
| {{Version|o|2.2 – 2.2.3}}
| 8
| May 20, 2010
| 3.2.25 (October 2014)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Gingerbread]]
| rowspan="2" | Gingerbread
| {{Version|o|2.3 – 2.3.2}}
| 9
| December 6, 2010
| rowspan="5" | 10.0.84 (November 2016)
|-
| {{Version|o|2.3.3 – 2.3.7}}
| 10
| February 9, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Honeycomb]]
| rowspan="3" | Honeycomb
| {{Version|o|3.0}}
| 11
| February 22, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.1}}
| 12
| May 10, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.2 – 3.2.6}}
| 13
| July 15, 2011
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich]]
| rowspan="2" | Ice Cream Sandwich
| {{Version|o|4.0 – 4.0.2}}
| 14
| October 18, 2011
| rowspan="2" | 14.8.49 (February 2019)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.0.3 – 4.0.4}}
| 15
| December 16, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Jelly Bean]]
| rowspan="3" | Jelly Bean
| {{Version|o|4.1 – 4.1.2}}
| 16
| July 9, 2012
| rowspan="3" | 21.33.56 (September 2021)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.2 – 4.2.2}}
| 17
| November 13, 2012
|-
| {{Version|o|4.3 – 4.3.1}}
| 18
| July 24, 2013
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android KitKat]]
| rowspan="2" | Key Lime Pie
| {{Version|o|4.4 – 4.4.4}}
| 19
| October 31, 2013
| October 2017
| rowspan="2" | 23.30.13 (August 2023)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.4W – 4.4W.2}}
| 20
| June 25, 2014
| {{dunno}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Lollipop]]
| rowspan="2" | Lemon Meringue Pie
| {{Version|o|5.0 – 5.0.2}}
| 21
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 2017
| rowspan="2" |24.28.35 (August 2024)
|-
| {{Version|o|5.1 – 5.1.1}}
| 22
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134720/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| March 2018
|-
| [[Android Marshmallow]]
| Macadamia Nut Cookie
| {{Version|o|6.0 – 6.0.1}}
| 23
| September 29, 2015<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134721/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 2018
| rowspan="13" |25.09.33 (March 2025)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Nougat]]
| rowspan="2" | New York Cheesecake
| {{Version|o|7.0}}
| 24
| August 22, 2016
| August 2019
|-
| {{Version|o|7.1 – 7.1.2}}
| 25
| October 4, 2016
| October 2019
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Oreo]]
| rowspan="2" | Oatmeal Cookie
| {{Version|o|8.0}}
| 26
| August 21, 2017
| January 2021
|-
| {{Version|o|8.1}}
| 27
| December 5, 2017
| October 2021
|-
| [[Android Pie]]
| Pistachio Ice Cream<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Steven |title=Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134820/https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|9}}
| 28
| August 6, 2018
| January 2022
|-
| [[Android 10]]
| Quince Tart<ref name="VergeQR">{{cite web |last1=Gartenberg |first1=Chaim |title=Even Android 11 is cake |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |website=The Verge |date=July 23, 2020 |publisher=Vox Media, LLC |access-date=July 27, 2021 |quote=Burke revealed last year that Android Q had been internally known as "Quince Tart" |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217230719/https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|10}}
| 29
| September 3, 2019
| February 2023
|-
| [[Android 11]]
| Red Velvet Cake<ref name="VergeQR"/>
| {{Version|o|11}}
| 30
| September 8, 2020
| February 2024
|-
| [[Android 12]]
| Snow Cone
| {{Version|co|12}}
| 31
| October 4, 2021
| rowspan="5" | March 2025
|-
| [[Android 12L]]
| Snow Cone v2
| {{version|co|12.1}}{{efn|name=A12.1|12L launched as part of the March 2022 security update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates display the version as 12.1.<ref name="FactoryImages">{{cite web |access-date=March 31, 2022 |title=Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices |url=https://developers.google.com/android/images |website=Google Developers |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151606/https://developers.google.com/android/images |url-status=live }}</ref> The device's about page will still show the Android version as 12.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Ron |last1=Amadeo |access-date=2023-03-08 |title=Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |date=March 7, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307232151/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| 32
| March 7, 2022
|-
| [[Android 13]]
| Tiramisu
| {{Version|co|13}}
| 33
| August 15, 2022
|-
| [[Android 14]]
| Upside Down Cake<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Android 14 gets official internal codename… Upside Down Cake |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=[[9to5Google]] |date=April 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134822/https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|co|14}}
| 34
| October 4, 2023
|-
| [[Android 15]]
| Vanilla Ice Cream<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cantisano |first1=Timi |title=Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream' |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[XDA Developers]] |date=3 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427135948/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|c|15}}
| 35
| September 3, 2024
|-
| [[Android 16]]
| Baklava<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCullough |first1=Matthew |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=18 November 2024 |archive-date=November 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121185224/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|cp|16}} Beta 3<ref name="A16RN">{{cite web |title=Release notes |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |website=Android Developers |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=19 November 2024 |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125091646/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 36
| March 13, 2025<ref name="A16RN" />
| March 2025<ref name="A16RN" />
| 25.07.33 (February 2025)<ref name="A16RN" />
|-
| colspan="7" | {{Version|l|show=111110}}
|}

==More Info==
=== Android 1.0 ===
{{anchor|Android 1.0|Android 1|1.0}}

Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morrill |first=Dan |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=September 23, 2008 |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |access-date=January 12, 2011 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512135036/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first commercially available Android device was the [[HTC Dream]].<ref name=HTC>{{cite news |publisher=T-Mobile |url=http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |access-date=October 15, 2013 |title=T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016001926/http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |archive-date=October 16, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.0 (API 1)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.0
| September 23, 2008
|
* [[Android Market]], allowing application downloads and updates through the Market application.
* [[Web browser]] to show, zoom and pan full [[HTML]] and [[XHTML]] web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards").<ref name="Engadget">{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |title=T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |publisher=Engadget |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231733/https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0">{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/a/android.com/opensource/release-features---android-1-0 |title=Release features – Android 1.0 |year=2008 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=September 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919041651/https://www.google.com/a/android.com/ServiceLogin?service=jotspot&passive=1209600&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&ul=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone">{{cite news |publisher=PC Magazine |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |title=T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone) |first=Sascha |last=Segan |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=February 6, 2013 |archive-date=May 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530160849/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |title=Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them |publisher=Android Authority |first=Darcy |last=LaCouvee |date=October 17, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518172012/http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Access to web email servers, supporting [[POP3]], [[IMAP4]], and [[SMTP]].<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* [[Gmail]] synchronization with the Gmail application.
* [[Google Contacts]] synchronization with the People application.
* [[Google Calendar]] synchronization with the Calendar application.
* [[Google Maps]] with [[Google Street View|Street View]] to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using [[GPS]].<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* [[Google Sync]], allowing management of [[Over the Air|over-the-air]] synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar.
* [[Google Search]], allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.
* [[Google Talk]] instant messaging.
* [[Instant messaging]], [[text messaging]], and MMS.
* [[Media player (application software)|Media Player]], enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo [[Bluetooth]] support.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.<ref name="Engadget"/><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |title=Status Bar Notifications |publisher=Android Developers |date=May 24, 2012 |access-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613233007/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets.
* [[YouTube]] video player.<ref name="Android for Dummies">{{cite web |url=http://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |title=What is Android? |date=September 18, 2008 |publisher=TechPluto.com |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023184321/https://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.
* [[Wi-Fi]] and Bluetooth support.
|}

=== Android 1.1 ===
{{anchor|Android 1.1}}

On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as "[[Petit four|Petit Four]]" internally, though this name was not used officially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Platform Overview |url=http://source.android.com/source/overview.html |publisher=Android Source |access-date=September 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922202532/https://source.android.com/source/overview.html|archive-date=September 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The update resolved bugs, changed the Android [[Application programming interface|API]] and added a number of features:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |title=Android 1.1 Version Notes |date=February 2009 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=April 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221194031/https://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |archive-date=February 21, 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.1 (API 2)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.1
| February 9, 2009
|
* Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps.
* Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad.
* Ability to save attachments in messages.
* Support added for marquee in system layouts.
|}

=== Android 1.5 Cupcake ===
{{Main|Android Cupcake}}
{{anchor|Android 1.5|Android Cupcake|Cupcake|1.5}}

On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on [[Linux kernel]] 2.6.27.<ref name="cupcake-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |title=Android 1.5 is here! |date=April 27, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=September 3, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095047/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rob |first=Jackson |title=CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK! |date=April 30, 2009 |url=http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |publisher=Phandroid |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504130749/http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme used for all releases until [[Android 9 Pie|Android Pie]], with [[Android 10]] and later using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:<ref name="cupcake-highlights">{{cite web |date=April 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |title=Android 1.5 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901200518/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.5
| April 27, 2009<ref name="cupcake-is-here"/>
|
* Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words.
* Support for [[Widget engine|Widgets]] – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |title=App Widgets |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |access-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024060808/https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Video recording and playback in [[MPEG-4]] and 3GP formats.
* Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles).
* Copy and paste features in web browser.
* User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts.
* Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event.
* Animated screen transitions.
* Auto-rotation option.
* New stock boot animation.
* Ability to upload videos to YouTube.
* Ability to upload photos to [[Picasa]].
* Ability to check phone usage history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/ |title=Phone Usage History |publisher=101 Android |year=2017|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-date=February 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223191108/https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 1.6 Donut ===
{{Main|Android Donut}}
{{anchor|Android 1.6|Android Donut|Donut|1.6}}

On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.<ref name="Word-highlights" /><ref name="Word-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |title=Android 1.6 SDK is here |date=September 15, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095011/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Paul |title=Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2 |date=October 1, 2009 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |work=Ars Technica |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002105348/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |archive-date=October 2, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Included in the update were numerous new features:<ref name="Word-highlights">{{cite web |title=Android 1.6 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |date=September 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430191552/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.6
| September 15, 2009<ref name="Word-is-here"/>
|
* Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web.
* Ability for developers to include their content in search results.
* Multi-lingual [[speech synthesis]] engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text.
* Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market.
* Gallery, Camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access.
* Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion.
* Updated technology support for [[IS-95|CDMA]]/[[Evolution-Data Optimized|EVDO]], [[IEEE 802.1X|802.1x]], [[virtual private network|VPNs]], and a text-to-speech engine.
* Support for [[Wide VGA|WVGA]] screen resolutions.
* Speed improvements in searching and camera applications.
* Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.
|}

=== Android 2.0 Eclair ===
{{Main|Android Eclair}}
{{Anchor|Android 2.0|Android Eclair|Eclair|Android 2|2.0}}

On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed [[Éclair|Eclair]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |title=Android 2.0, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes include the ones listed below.<ref name="eclair-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |title=Android 2.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0
| October 27, 2009<ref name="android-developers.googleblog.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |title=Announcing Android 2.0 support in the SDK! |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031125134/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts.
* [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page.
* Bluetooth 2.1 support.
* Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person.
* Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached.
* Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus.
* Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions.
* Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for [[HTML5]].
* Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events.
* Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI.
* Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio.
* Improved [[Google Maps]] 3.1.2.
* MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 2.0 API Changes Summary |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html#api-changes |access-date=March 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Force Touch|Pressure-sensitive touch]] support in [[application programming interface|API]], even though no according hardware existed at that time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Force Touch? Android has had that for years |url=https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |website=Pocketnow |access-date=June 13, 2021 |date=September 7, 2015 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MotionEvent § getPressure() |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.
|}

==== Android 2.0.1 Eclair ====
{{anchor|Android 2.0.1|2.0.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0.1
| December 3, 2009<ref name = "2.0.1 SDK">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |title=Android 2.0.1, Release 1 SDK |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115003947/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |archive-date=January 15, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.
|}

==== Android 2.1 Eclair ====
{{anchor|Android 2.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.1
| January 11, 2010<ref name="2.1 SDK">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |title=Android 2.1, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114194657/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |archive-date=January 14, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|
* Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes.
|}

=== Android 2.2 Froyo ===
{{Main|Android Froyo}}
{{anchor|Android 2.2|Android Froyo|Froyo|2.2}}

On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for [[frozen yogurt]]) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.<ref name="froyo-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |work=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.2 and developers goodies |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512013526/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.2
| May 20, 2010
|
* Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |title=Unofficially Confirmed Froyo Features, Post-Day-1 Of Google I/O |date=May 20, 2010 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501015836/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Additional application speed improvements, implemented through [[Just-in-time compilation|JIT compilation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |title=Nexus One Is Running Android 2.2 Froyo. How Fast Is It Compared To 2.1? Oh, Only About 450% Faster |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801040059/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Integration of [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]'s [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8 JavaScript engine]] into the Browser application.
* Support for the [[Android Cloud to Device Messaging]] (C2DM) service, enabling [[Push technology|push notifications]].
* Improved [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harbor |title=Android now fully supports Exchange |url=https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |website=harborcomputerservices.net |access-date=September 11, 2010 |date=June 29, 2010 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135753/https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications.
* USB tethering and [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] functionality<ref name="wired sorrel 2010">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |title=Android 2.2 'Froyo' Features USB, Wi-Fi Tethering |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=May 13, 2010 |access-date=February 14, 2013 |author=Sorrel, Charlie |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106224423/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Option to disable data access over a mobile network.
* Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features"/>
* Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries.
* Support for [[Bluetooth]]-enabled car and desk docks.
* Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords.
* Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |title=Browser support for file upload field is coming in Froyo |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320120623/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only.
* Support for installing applications to expandable memory.
* [[Adobe Flash]] support.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |title=Google's Andy Rubin on Everything Android |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Brad |last=Stone |date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430192951/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Support for high-[[Pixel density|PPI]] displays (up to 320 ppi), such as four-inch [[720p]] screens.<ref name="multiple-screens">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 8, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.
|-
| 2.2.1
| September 27, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135742/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements.
|-
| 2.2.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135743/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the [[Nexus One]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |title=Nexus One gets tiny update to Android 2.2.2, fixes SMS routing issues |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/22/nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms/ |access-date=November 17, 2011 |publisher=Engadget |date=January 22, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135748/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-01-22-nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms.html%26tbla_id%3Db8801a67-ee65-488a-8ce7-a9677f4e6876-tuctc9d6ddb%26gam_id%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1DUm1OUC5sRTJ1RTdhelFfNDJjT1g3R3BabVlwZGJIQX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-9B3bUgFE2uLe_tF8l4JDw9mOQ_CWu5.o%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2.2.3
| November 21, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.2.3 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173218/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Two security updates.
|}

=== Android 2.3 Gingerbread ===
{{Main|Android Gingerbread}}
{{anchor|Android 2.3|Gingerbread|Android Gingerbread|2.3}}

On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.<ref name="gingerbread-highlights" /><ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |publisher=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |access-date=December 7, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101227190245/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |archive-date=December 27, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes included:<ref name="gingerbread-highlights">{{cite web |date=December 6, 2010 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |title=Android 2.3 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=December 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101210235053/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |archive-date=December 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3
| December 6, 2010<ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog" />
|
* Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed.
* Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions ([[WXGA (graphics)|WXGA]] and higher).<ref name="multiple-screens"/>
* Native support for [[Session Initiation Protocol|SIP]] [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] internet telephones.
* Faster, more intuitive text input on a virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode.
* Enhanced [[cut, copy, and paste|copy/paste]] functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-holding, copying, and pasting.
* Support for [[Near Field Communication]] (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement.
* New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost.
* New [[Download Manager]], giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application.
* Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available.
* Support for [[WebM]]/VP8 video playback, and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio encoding.
* Improved [[power management]] with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long.
* Enhanced support for native code development.
* Switched from [[YAFFS]] to [[ext4]] on newer devices.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |title=Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread |publisher=Linux Foundation |first=Theodore |last=Ts'o |date=December 12, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528064125/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |archive-date=May 28, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |title=Saving Data Safely |author=Tim Bray |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=December 19, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727234704/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers.
* Concurrent [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] for increased performance.
* Native support for more sensors (such as [[gyroscope]]s and [[barometer]]s).
* First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.
|-
| 2.3.1
| December 22, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135846/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
|-
| 2.3.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135758/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
|}

==== Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread ====
{{Anchor|Android 2.3.3|2.3.3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3.3
| February 9, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform, New NFC Capabilities |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Several improvements and API fixes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform |publisher=Android Developers |year=2011|access-date=November 19, 2012|archive-date=June 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613232731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2.3.4
| April 28, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.3.4 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929174948/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Support for voice or video chat using [[Google Talk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |title=Video Chat on Your Android Phone |date=April 28, 2011 |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |access-date=April 18, 2013 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128144225/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Accessory Library 2.3.4 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=August 3, 2012 |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805081044/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Abhijoy |url=http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |title=Is it Java that weakened Android's SSL security? |publisher=Muktware |date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-date=October 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026181842/http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |title=Why Android SSL was downgraded from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5 in late 2010 |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=op-co.de |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105221353/http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Fixed a spontaneous reboot on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
|-
| 2.3.5
| July 25, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improved network performance for the [[Nexus S]] 4G, among other fixes and improvements.
* Fixed a Bluetooth bug on [[Samsung Galaxy S (2010 smartphone)|Samsung Galaxy S]].
* Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
* Improved the Gmail application.
* Shadow animations for list scrolling.
* Camera software enhancements.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arghire |first=Ionut |title=Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |publisher=Softpedia.com |access-date=December 1, 2011 |archive-date=December 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204034344/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved battery efficiency.
|-
| 2.3.6
| September 2, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |title=Nexus S Ushers-In Android 2.3.6, But Does It Fix Or Cause Bugs? |publisher=pocketnow |date=September 2, 2011 |access-date=August 4, 2014 |author=Stephen Schenck |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017014023/http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
* Fixed a voice search bug.{{Efn|The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |title=Android 2.3.6 Gingerbread Update For Nexus S Available (Wi-Fi And Tethering Fix) |publisher=Addictive Tips |date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Ali Waqas |archive-date=December 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212004046/http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |title=Google Samsung Nexus S Gets Android 2.3.6 Update |publisher=PocketNow |date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Anton D. Nagy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230132748/http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |archive-date=December 30, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|-
| 2.3.7
| September 21, 2011
|
* [[Google Wallet]] support for the Nexus S 4G.
|}

=== Android 3.0 Honeycomb ===
{{Main|Android Honeycomb}}
{{Anchor|Android 3.0|Android Honeycomb|Honeycomb|Android 3|3.0}}

On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first [[tablet computer|tablet]]-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.<ref name="honeycomb-highlights"/><ref name="honeycomb-sneak-peek">{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |title=A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb |first=Andy |last=Rubin |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110108061358/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |archive-date=January 8, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="3.0-release">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |title=Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |author=Xavier Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=February 22, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110305143408/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |archive-date=March 5, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |title=Google's Android Event Analysis |author=Mithun Chandrasekhar |publisher=AnandTech |date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |quote=I confirmed this with Google; Honeycomb, at least in the current form, will not be coming to non-tablet devices. |archive-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205210127/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first device featuring this version, the [[Motorola Xoom]] tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa/ |title=Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2 |author=Nilay Patel |publisher=Engadget |date=January 26, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-date=February 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204085801/http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa? |url-status=live }}</ref> The update's features included:<ref name="honeycomb-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |title=Android 3.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216200154/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |archive-date=February 16, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.0
| February 22, 2011<ref name="3.0-release"/>
|
* Optimized tablet support with a new "holographic" user interface (removed again the following year with version 4.2).<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* New Easter egg, an image of a [[Tron]]-themed bumblebee.
* Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen.
* Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen.
* Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another.
* Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
* Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface.
* Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new "incognito" mode allowing somewhat anonymous browsing.
* Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features.
* Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos.
* New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts.
* New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages.
* Hardware acceleration.
* Support for [[multi-core processor]]s.
* Ability to encrypt all user data.
* HTTPS stack improved with [[Server Name Indication]] (SNI).
* [[Filesystem in Userspace]] (FUSE; kernel module).
* Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat">{{cite web |last=Ho |first=Joshua |title=Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4 |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |work=Anandtech |access-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328131328/http://anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="androidpolice-sdcards">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |title=External Blues: Google Has Brought Big Changes To SD Cards In KitKat, And Even Samsung Is Implementing Them |date=February 17, 2014 |author=Cody Toombs |access-date=February 20, 2014 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221100831/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 3.1 Honeycomb ====
{{anchor|Android 3.1|3.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.1
| May 10, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |title=Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools |date=May 10, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=May 10, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511072447/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* UI refinements.
* Connectivity for USB accessories ([[USB On-The-Go]]).
* Expanded Recent Applications list.
* Resizable Home screen widgets.
* Support for external keyboards and pointing devices.
* Support for joysticks and gamepads.
* Support for [[FLAC]] audio playback.<ref name="Android-Media-Formats">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |title=Android Supported Media Formats |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=March 30, 2012 |archive-date=March 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311121312/http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |title=Issue 1461 – Android – FLAC file support enhancement request. |access-date=August 5, 2011 |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410001003/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off.
* Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.
|}

==== Android 3.2 Honeycomb ====
{{anchor|Android 3.2|3.2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.2
| July 15, 2011<ref name="Ducrohet">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |title=Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools |date=July 15, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090730/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets.
* Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization.
* Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions.
* New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.<ref name="Android Developers">{{cite web |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2 |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |access-date=February 18, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 3.2.1
| September 20, 2011
|
* Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements.
* Update to [[Android Market]] with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text.
* Update to [[Google Books]].
* Improved [[Adobe Flash]] support in browser.
* Improved [[Chinese language|Chinese]] handwriting prediction.
|-
| 3.2.2
| September 30, 2011
|
* Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G.
|-
| 3.2.4
| December 15, 2011
|
* Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.
|-
| 3.2.6
| February 15, 2012
|
* Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of Airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom.
|}

=== Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich ===
{{Main|Android Ice Cream Sandwich}}
{{anchor|Android 4.0|Ice Cream Sandwich|Android Ice Cream Sandwich|Android 4|4.0}}

The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,<ref>{{cite web |last=Maroger |title=Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1 |url=http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |publisher=[[Blogspot]] |work=Fine Oils |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926170532/http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was publicly released on October 19, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available |publisher=Social Barrel |first=Francis |last=Rey |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908152338/http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |title=Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too) |publisher=Engadget |first=Tim |last=Stevens |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825184314/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[source code]] for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |title=Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable |publisher=AndroidGuys |first=Vincent |last=Messina |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922033259/http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support [[Adobe Systems]]' [[Flash player#Mobile platforms|Flash player]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |title=Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android |publisher=WebProNews |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130212639/http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> The update introduced numerous new features:<ref name="ics-release">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/18/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore |publisher=Engadget |first=Brad |last=Molen |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141807/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-10-18-android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official.html%26tbla_id%3D291617d0-ae7b-4f64-a3ab-2d9c87337e65-tuctc9d729d%26gam_id%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1xMElGWXRORTJ1RWJBTHF3SFM2Tl9kRWV1bVE4cnB0b35B%26ydsp%3Dy-sZGCizFE2uJUefsPeUXcKYwdxKNrsV3C%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-19736_7-20122331-251/ice-cream-sandwich-adds-tons-of-new-features/?tag=mncol;txt |title=Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features |publisher=CNET |first=Kent |last=German |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |title=A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown |publisher=Tech Crunch |first=Chris |last=Velazco |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728060204/http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0
| October 18, 2011<ref name="ics-release"/>
|
* Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with the new [[Roboto]] font family.
* Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones.
* Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications.
* Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style.
* Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages.
* Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the Calendar.
* Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons).
* Improved error correction on the keyboard.
* Ability to access applications directly from the [[lock screen]].
* Improved copy-and-paste functionality.
* Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech-to-text dictation.
* Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using [[facial recognition software]].<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks.
* Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded.
* Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |title=What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List? |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Jason |date=August 20, 2013 |publisher=How-To Geek |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-date=October 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015200044/http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording.
* Built-in photo editor.
* New gallery layout, organized by location and person.
* Refreshed the "People" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images.
* [[Android Beam]], a [[near-field communication]] feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Support for the [[WebP]] image format.<ref name="Android-Media-Formats" />
* Hardware acceleration of the UI.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration |publisher=Phandroid |first=Quentyn |last=Kennemer |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=October 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021022202/http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Wi-Fi Direct]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |title=Wi-Fi Direct |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=July 27, 2013 |archive-date=August 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817042707/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[1080p]] video recording for stock Android devices.
* Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.
|-
| 4.0.1
| October 19, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
|-
| 4.0.2
| November 28, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.{{Efn|For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the [[Near-field communication|NFC]] capabilities of the Nexus phone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |title=Verizon's 4G LTE Galaxy Nexus Gets Pictured, Receives Android 4.0.2 Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=November 28, 2011 |access-date=December 8, 2011 |archive-date=December 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207015154/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |title=Within 2 Hours of Activation, Your Galaxy Nexus Will Receive an Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215185645/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|}

==== Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich ====
{{anchor|Android 4.0.3|4.0.3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0.3
| December 16, 2011<ref name=ICS16Dec2011>[http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719073950/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |date=July 19, 2014 }}. Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.</ref>
|
* Numerous bug fixes and optimizations.
* Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality.
* New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider.
* Calendar provider enhancements.
* New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and [[Quarter Video Graphics Array|QVGA]] resolution.
* Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |title=Android 4.0.3 announced, bringing 'variety of optimizations and bug fixes' to phones and tablets |publisher=Engadget |date=December 16, 2011 |access-date=December 17, 2011 |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102083750/http://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.0.4
| March 28, 2012
|
* Stability improvements.
* Better camera performance.
* Smoother screen rotation.
* Improved phone number recognition.<ref name=ICS29mar2012>[https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329020144/https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 |date=March 29, 2012 }}. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.</ref>
|}

=== Android 4.1 Jelly Bean ===
{{Main|Android Jelly Bean}}
{{anchor|Jelly Bean|Project Butter|Android 4.1|Android Jelly Bean|4.1}}

Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the [[Google I/O]] conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter", which uses touch anticipation, [[Multiple buffering|triple buffering]], extended [[vsync (computing)|vsync]] timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 [[framerate|fps]] to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /> Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the [[Android Open Source Project]] on July 9, 2012,<ref>{{cite web |last=Queru |first=Jean-Baptiste |title=Android 4.1 in AOSP |url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |access-date=July 12, 2012 |archive-date=January 22, 2011 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110122130054/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)|Nexus 7]] tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.1
| July 9, 2012
|
* Smoother user interface:
** Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh.
** Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline.
** CPU input boost.
** Synchronizing touch to vsync timing.
* Enhanced [[accessibility]].
* Bi-directional text and other language support.
* User-installable keyboard maps.
* Expandable notifications.
* TLS v1.1 and v1.2 support added.
* Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis.
* Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens.
* Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam.
* Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.<ref name="android41-differentlayouts">{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes |url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |publisher=ComputerWorld |access-date=July 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119012034/http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Improved camera application.
* Multichannel audio.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |title=Android 4.1 for Developers |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 9, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The [[Fraunhofer FDK AAC]] codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding.
* USB audio (for external sound [[Digital-to-analog converter|DACs]]).<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" />
* Audio chaining (also known as [[gapless playback]]).<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |title=Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files |access-date=November 12, 2012 |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525015225/http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |title=Android 4.1 finally adds gapless music playback to stock music apps |publisher=Pocketables.com |date=June 29, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110090332/http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.
|-
| 4.1.1
| July 9, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141825/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in applications.
|-
| 4.1.2
| October 9, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.1.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521093052/http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 |date=May 21, 2013 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.</ref>
|
* Lock/home screen rotation support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |title=Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices |publisher=GigaOM |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011120521/http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |title=New Feature In Android 4.1.2: Expanding/Collapsing Notifications With One Finger (Video) |publisher=Android Police |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011072628/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bug fixes and performance enhancements.
|}

==== Android 4.2 Jelly Bean ====
{{anchor|Android 4.2|4.2}}

Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in [[New York City]] on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to [[Hurricane Sandy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |title=Monday's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy |publisher=Android Central |date=October 27, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926100214/http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |url-status=live }}</ref> Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan "A new flavor of Jelly Bean". Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google's [[Nexus 4]] and [[Nexus 10]], which were released on November 13, 2012.<ref name="New4.2And">{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |title=Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7 |publisher=Know Your Mobile |date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=November 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117002507/http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |title=Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2 |publisher=IGN |date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141827/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.2
| November 13, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141804/https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere |date=January 14, 2024 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.</ref>
|
* [[Lock screen]] improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014)<ref name="CWnostalgia"/> and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.<ref>[http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030113843/http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 |date=October 30, 2012 }}. TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Notification power controls ("Quick Settings").
* "Daydream" [[screensaver]]s, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to "screen saver" following the launch of the unrelated [[Google Daydream]] VR platform in 2016).<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Multiple user accounts (tablets only).
* Rewritten [[Bluetooth stack]], switching from [[Bluez]] to [[Broadcom]] open source [[BlueDroid]],<ref name="anand1">{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |title=The Next Version of Android – Some of What's Coming |website=anandtech.com |first=Brian |last=Klug |date=May 19, 2013 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122815/http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |url-status=live }}</ref> allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display ([[Miracast]]).
* Native [[right-to-left]], always-on [[Virtual Private Network|VPN]] and application verification.<ref name="aosp-jb1">{{cite web |title=Jelly Bean |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |website=Android developer portal |access-date=July 2, 2014 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A new [[Near field communication|NFC]] stack was added at the same time.<ref name="anand1" />
* Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users.
* New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer.
* All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size.
* Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly.
* [[SELinux]] support.
* Premium [[SMS]] confirmation.<ref name="Android Police 4.2 Alpha Teardown">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021032403/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ |date=October 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Group Messaging support.
* Developer options hidden in settings and can be displayed after tapping the Build number 7 times on About phone.
|-
| 4.2.1
| November 27, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141830/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130085348/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ |date=November 30, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.<ref name="December bug">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121185515/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ |date=November 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
* Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported [[Human interface device|HIDs]] (Human interface devices).
|-
| 4.2.2
| February 11, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.2">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215033526/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ |date=February 15, 2013 }}. Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.</ref>
|
* Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |title=Android 4.2.2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets |publisher=Ars Technica |date=February 12, 2013 |access-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212200213/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state.
* New download notifications, which now show the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads.
* New sounds for wireless charging and low battery.
* New Gallery application animation allows faster loading.
* USB debug whitelist.
* Bug fixes and performance enhancements.
|}

==== Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ====
{{anchor|Android 4.3|4.3}}

Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan "An even sweeter Jelly Bean" on July 24, 2013, during an event in [[San Francisco]] called "Breakfast with [[Sundar Pichai]]". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the [[Nexus 7 (2nd generation)|second-generation Nexus 7]] tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.<ref name=TomsJuly2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |title=Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today |publisher=Tom's Hardware |date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=July 25, 2013 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003112436/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/08/22/aosp-latest-4-3-fixes/ |title=Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware |publisher=[[Engadget]] |date=August 22, 2013 |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141808/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-08-22-aosp-latest-4-3-fixes.html%26tbla_id%3D447fb467-8d25-454f-82ad-98780acfec34-tuctc9d729f%26gam_id%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1iUmlHeE1kRTJ1R2NTSG5tYkhzRnVrU0g3emw0eTEwbX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-SJLpaihE2uLvwgj5B5tUS9dk0wj2wjfR%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.3
| July 24, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3">[https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173309/https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement |date=September 29, 2023 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</ref>
|
* [[Bluetooth Low Energy]] support.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3">[http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html "Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730233815/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html |date=July 30, 2013 }}. Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[AVRCP|Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3]] support.
* [[OpenGL ES#OpenGL ES 3.0|OpenGL ES 3.0]] support, allowing improved game graphics.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Restricted access mode for new user profiles.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Filesystem performance improvement by running the [[Trim (computing)|fstrim]] command while a device is idle.<ref name="EngdtTRIM">[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/30/android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices/ "Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141809/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-30-android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices.html%26tbla_id%3Dd275f044-f810-4e4e-b4b0-2dc43cb31d45-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1tVkZ1LjBWRTJ1RUVpdnJON3h0aEQwTVFoNXdxbUVSc35B%26ydsp%3Dy-nSbl59VE2uIt3s8z8x8Yh7ewOVW.GSw_%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately.
* Improvements to Photo Sphere.<ref name="APPhotosphere">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728065835/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.</ref>
* Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.<ref name="4.3Camera">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728012100/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Addition of "[[App Ops]]", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).<ref name="AppOps">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728063247/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[SELinux]] enabled by default.
* [[4K resolution]] support.<ref name="Engdt4K">[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/26/android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution/ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141812/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-26-android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution.html%26tbla_id%3Dc2fda73b-cf47-40e0-9d41-1f4193094d43-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26dv360%3DeS0yT0hfV1ExRTJ1R19JT2Q2bVpBT2NTX2lEM3JMb2htM35B%26ydsp%3Dy-PNeWeWBE2uIf8ODb9T71tFdeHqMq1QZY%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bug fixes.<ref name="AP4.3">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ "An In-Depth Look At The Big (And Small) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726112508/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ |date=July 26, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.</ref>
* System-level support for [[geo-fence|geofencing]] and Wi-Fi scanning APIs.
* Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off.
* Developer logging and analyzing enhancements.
* Added support for five more languages.
* Changed [[digital rights management]] (DRM) APIs.
* [[Right-to-left]] (RTL) languages now supported.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Clock in the status bar disappears if it is selected as a lockscreen widget.
* Native [[emoji]] support.<ref name="CNet_4.3">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/products/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean/ |title=Google Android 4.3 Jelly Bean Release Date, Price and Specs – CNET |author=Jaymar Cabebe |date=July 25, 2013 |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142319/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean-preview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.3.1
| October 3, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004055112/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ |date=October 4, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.</ref>
|
* Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE.<ref name="4.3.1changelog">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ "Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009005051/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ |date=October 9, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</ref>
|}

=== Android 4.4 KitKat ===
{{Main|Android KitKat}}
{{anchor|KitKat|Android 4.4|Android KitKat|Key Lime Pie|4.4}}

Google announced Android 4.4 [[Kit Kat|KitKat]] on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a [[key lime pie]]."<ref name=KitkatBBC>{{cite news |last=Kelion |first=Leo |title=Android KitKat announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |access-date=September 3, 2013 |work=BBC News |date=September 3, 2013 |archive-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070600/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=TechRadar |url=https://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-5-0-key-lime-pie-release-date-news-and-rumours-1091500 |title=Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142313/https://www.techradar.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> KitKat debuted on Google's [[Nexus 5]] on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google.<ref name="Nexus 5 review">{{cite news |last=Molen |first=Brad |title=Engadget review the Nexus 5 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |publisher=Engadget |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020218/http://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4
| October 31, 2013<ref name="Android 4.4 KitKat">[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031201143/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html |date=October 31, 2013 }}. Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.</ref><ref name="androiddev-44">{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031184317/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue.
* Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
* Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.<ref name="verge-n5handson">{{cite news |title=Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |work=The Verge |author=Bonn, Dieter |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Apps Can Now Go Truly Full-Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2013 |author=David Ruddock |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103011505/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.<ref name="phonearena-overflowgone">{{cite web |title=Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213081334/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Write access disabled for user-installed applications on external storage (i.e. [[MicroSD]]), except for their own directories inside <code>Android/data</code>.<ref>[https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ ''"Got the KitKat SD card blues? Solve the problem with SDFix (root required)"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808155150/https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ |date=August 8, 2021 }} – Android Authority, March 18, 2014 (article includes details of restriction)</ref><ref name="4.4storage">{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/storage/ |title=External Storage | Android Developers |date=May 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509021632/https://source.android.com/devices/storage/|archive-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref>
* Purging of app data directories in user storage (internal user storage and MicroSD) upon uninstallation<ref name="4.4storage"/>
* Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including [[zram|zRAM]] support and "low RAM" device API.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Wireless printing capability.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* NFC [[host card emulation]], enabling a device to replace [[smart card]]s.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* WebViews are now based on the [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] engine (feature parity with [[Google Chrome for Android|Chrome for Android]] 30).
* Expanded functionality for notification listener services.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Public API for developing and managing [[Short Message Service|text messaging]] clients.<ref name="adb-kitkatsms">{{cite web |title=Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Blog |access-date=October 14, 2013 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015024734/http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat"/>
* New framework for UI transitions.
* Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application.
* Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |title=Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110130344/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of [[Android Debug Bridge|ADB]] is required).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |title=How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=January 4, 2014 |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104222416/http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Native [[infrared blaster]] API.
* Verified boot.
* Enforcing [[SELinux]].
* Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level [[closed captioning]] settings.
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) introduced as a new experimental application [[runtime environment]], not enabled by default, as a replacement for the [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] virtual machine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |title=Android Developers: ART and Dalvik |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=March 19, 2015 |website=source.android.com |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315163429/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Message Access Profile|Bluetooth Message Access Profile]] (MAP) support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less |author=David Ruddock |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102201043/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |title=Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps |date=November 2013 |access-date=January 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210214042/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens.
* Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |title=Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation |date=November 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413183216/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |title=Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works |website=code.google.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021095502/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.1
| December 5, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+Nexus/posts/YW8sTPpVN8W |title=Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5 |date=December 5, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Google Plus |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142322/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART).
* Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view.
* Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
|-
| 4.4.2
| December 9, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |title=Android 4.4.2 (KOT49H) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices – Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=December 9, 2013 |author=Artem Russakovskii |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210035532/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Further security enhancements and bug fixes.
* Removal of the "[[App Ops]]" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |title=Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental |date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=December 14, 2013 |author=Peter Eckersley |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213220101/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.3
| June 2, 2014<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142335/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |title=Google releases Android 4.4.3 to Nexus devices |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Ron Amadeo |publisher=Ars Technica |archive-date=June 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603165300/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Refreshed the Dialer app's interface.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |title=Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4.3 |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606052307/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+AndroidDevelopers/posts/EfKRBGm19dT |title=Android 4.4.3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out – Google+ |date=June 3, 2014 |access-date=June 4, 2014 |author=Android Developers |publisher=Android Developers (Google+) |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142315/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
|-
| 4.4.4
| June 19, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |title=Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 19, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621023430/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* [[CVE-2014-0224]] fixed, eliminating an [[OpenSSL]] [[man-in-the-middle attack|man-in-the-middle]] vulnerability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |title=Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 25, 2014 |author=Ryan Whitwam |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=June 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625085901/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions ====
{{Main|Wear OS}}
{{anchor|Android 4.4W|4.4W}}

On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4W<ref name="Wear source code">{{cite web |last1=Rob |first1=Triggs |title=Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP |date=July 22, 2014 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |publisher=Android Authority |access-date=July 22, 2014 |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726221313/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| June 25, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |title=Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014 |author=Andrew Grush |publisher=Android Authority |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |archive-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323025103/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
* Initial release of the Android Wear platform for [[smartwatch]]es: the same as Android 4.4 "KitKat", but with wearable extensions added.
|-
| 4.4W.1
| September 6, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |title=Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4W.1 Build KGW42N: Here's What's New |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119203934/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.
|-
| 4.4W.2
| October 21, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |title=Android Wear 4.4W.2 Build KNX01Q Starts Rolling Out For The LG G Watch, Brings Offline Music And GPS Support (Though You Can't Use The Latter) |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Rita El Khoury |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107131422/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Offline music playback.
* GPS support.
|}

=== Android 5.0 Lollipop ===
{{Main|Android Lollipop}}
{{anchor|Lollipop|5.0|Android 5.0|Android 5|Android Lollipop}}

Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during [[Google I/O]]. It became available as an official [[Over-the-air programming|over-the-air]] (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including [[Google Nexus|Nexus]] and [[Google Play edition]] devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.<ref name=PCWorldJun2014>{{cite web |title=From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html |publisher=PC World |date=June 25, 2014|access-date=June 26, 2014|archive-date=June 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626183451/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 15, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018090820/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive [[design language]] referred to as "[[material design]]". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the [[Android Runtime]] (ART) officially replacing [[Dalvik virtual machine|Dalvik]] for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as [[Project Volta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |website=Engadget |date=June 25, 2014 |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816150431/https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=We just played with Android's L Developer Preview |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |website=Engadget |date=June 26, 2014 |publisher=AOL |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626162710/http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |website=Anandtech |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628013652/http://anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L |url=http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/ |date=July 1, 2014 |access-date=July 5, 2014 |author=Andrei Frumusanu |work=AnandTech |archive-date=July 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705022457/http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.0<ref name = "Api level 21-22">{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |title=Android 5.0 APIs |publisher=Android.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027235642/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com"/>
|
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) with [[Ahead-of-time compilation|ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation]] and improved [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] (GC), replacing [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] that combines bytecode [[Interpreter (computing)|interpretation]] with [[Tracing just-in-time compilation|trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation]].<ref name="Api level 21-22" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |title=A JIT Compiler for Android's Dalvik VM |date=May 2010 |access-date = March 19, 2015 |author1=Ben Cheng |author2=Bill Buzbee |website=android-app-developer.co.uk |pages=5–14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151106221110/http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |archive-date = November 6, 2015|url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Support for [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] CPUs.
* [[OpenGL ES]] 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations.
* Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application.
* [[Vector graphics|Vector drawables]], which scale without losing definition.
* Support for print previews.
* [[Material design]], bringing a restyled user interface and ''"ripple effect"'' for buttons.
* Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.<ref>[http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html "Exploring Android L: Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110831/http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html |date=May 14, 2015 }}. Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
* Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down.
* [[Project Volta]], for battery life improvements.
* Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings.
* Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.<ref name=IndiaTimes>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |title=Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=December 23, 2014 |work=India Times |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203042421/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |title=Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone |publisher=Android Central |access-date=January 25, 2015 |date=October 17, 2014 |archive-date=February 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204065643/http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Audio input and output through USB devices.
* Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on [[SD card]]s. However, those must be adapted to the storage access framework of Android API level 21 or higher.<ref name="android-police01">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |title=Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security |publisher=Android Police |author=Cody Toombs |date=November 4, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206131506/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="android-police02">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |title=Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129151433/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* WebViews receive updates independently through [[Google Play]] for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |title=Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android |date=October 24, 2014 |work=ZDNet |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142416/https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.<ref name=AndroidLollipop>{{cite web |url=http://www.android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |title=Android – 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 3, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2014 |publisher=Android.com |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125175546/https://android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Tap and Go'' allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* User-customizable priorities for application notifications.<ref name="CNET-priority">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/uk/how-to/setup-interruptions-android-lollipop-do-not-disturb/ |title=Set up 'Priority' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CNET |date=November 3, 2014|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref>
* Smart lock feature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |title=Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 12, 2015 |access-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310235133/http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[SELinux]] in enforcing mode for all domains.
* Updated emoji.<ref name="emojipedia-50">{{cite web |title=Android 5.0 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |access-date=February 2, 2017 |date=November 26, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116211447/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved [[accessibility]] support (e.g. [[switch access]] support).<ref name="androidcentral1">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |title=Accessibility features in Android 5.0 Lollipop |publisher=Android Central |date=October 25, 2014 |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126063234/http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |title=Block-Based OTAs | Android Open Source Project |publisher=Android Source |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310191906/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Task listing access disabled for third-party applications.
|-
| 5.0.1
| December 2, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |title=Android 5.0.1 (LRX22C) Hitting AOSP Now (Update: Factory Images Too) |date=December 2, 2014 |access-date=December 3, 2014 |author=Liam Spradlin |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204004048/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* A few bug fixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling.
|-
| 5.0.2
| December 19, 2014<ref name="FactoryImages"/>
|
* Fixes a bug with [[Trim (computing)|TRIM]] support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |title=Commit 4f868ed to platform/frameworks/base |last=Tate |first=Christopher |date=November 21, 2014 |website=Android Git Repositories |access-date=December 27, 2017 |quote=The current heuristics depend on devices being alive at midnight+ in order to run periodic background fstrim operations...If the device goes a defined time without a background fstrim, we [now] force the fstrim at the next reboot. Once the device hits the midnight+ idle fstrim request time, then we already aggressively attempt to fstrim at the first available moment thereafter...'Available' here means charging + device idle. |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |title=What's actually new in Android 5.0.2? |date=December 22, 2014 |access-date=January 6, 2015 |author=Stephen Schenck |publisher=PocketNow.com |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106071243/http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==== Android 5.1 Lollipop ====
{{anchor|Android 5.1|5.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.1
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen.
* Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings.
* Official support for [[Dual SIM|multiple SIM cards]].<ref name="venturebeat-20150309">{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/09/google-confirms-android-5-1-is-landing-on-all-compatible-devices-from-today/ |title=Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls |work=VentureBeat |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://venturebeat.com/ai/beyond-transactions-reimagining-banking-with-superior-digital-customer-journeys/infinite/injection_js/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Anti-theft system|Device protection]]: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.
* [[Wideband audio|High-definition voice calls]], available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.<ref name="venturebeat-20150309" />
* Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the [[silent mode]] that was removed from Android 5.0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |title=Android 5.1 reinstates Silent Mode, but there's a catch |work=AndroidPIT |access-date=March 27, 2015 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181504/http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 5.1.1
| April 20, 2015<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142928/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="phandroid-5.1.1">{{cite web |title=Android 5.1.1 (LMY47V) officially uploaded to AOSP and here's the full changelog, Nexus Player factory images also available |date=April 21, 2015 |url=http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |access-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428075015/http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Various bug fixes<ref name="phandroid-5.1.1" />
* Native [[Generic Access Network|Wi-Fi calling]] support.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jack |last=Jennings |url=http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |title=Google Open Source Code for Wi-Fi Calling |publisher=XDA |date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=November 2, 2015 |archive-date=November 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116115614/http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 6.0 Marshmallow ===
{{Main|Android Marshmallow}}
{{anchor|Marshmallow|Android 6|6|Android 6.0|6.0|Android Marshmallow}}

Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename "Android M" during [[Google I/O]] on May 28, 2015, for the [[Nexus 5]] and [[Nexus 6]] phones, [[Nexus 9]] tablet, and [[Nexus Player]] set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's Android M preview build will run on the Nexus 5, 6, 9, and Player [Updated] |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |date=May 28, 2015 |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=May 28, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529043650/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015, for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |title=Downloads Android Developers |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817224047/http://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to [[Android for Work]] profiles.<ref>{{cite web|title = Support and Release Notes {{!}} Android Developers|url = https://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|website = developer.android.com|access-date = August 22, 2015|archive-date = August 11, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150811015125/http://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 6.0
| September 29, 2015<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Get ready for the sweet taste of Android 6.0 Marshmallow |url=http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006000054/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Precluded rudimentary [[file manager]] (package name: <code>com.android.documentsui</code>), accessible from storage settings.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mediati |first1=Nick |title=How to get to Android Marshmallow's hidden file manager |url=https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |website=Greenbot |language=en |date=October 22, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142829/https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Memory card]] mounted to <code>/storage/????-????/</code> rather than <code>/storage/extSdCard/</code>, with a hexadecimal [[volume serial number]] in place of the [[Wildcard character|wildcard]] question marks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |title=Customer Community |access-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416212913/https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Contextual search from keywords within apps.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |title=Now on Tap is the coolest Android feature in a long time |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |date=May 28, 2015 |website=The Verge |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142906/https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Doze |url=http://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304134852/https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App Standby feature.
* Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android vertical app drawer |url=https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=October 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015192909/https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Application search bar and favorites.
* Native fingerprint reader support.
* Direct Share feature for target-specific sharing between apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Renamed "Priority" mode to "Do Not Disturb" mode.
* App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Handling App Links |url=http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124045813/http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=App Linking in Android 6.0 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Larger Application folders with multiple pages.
* Post-install/run-time permission requests.
* [[USB-C]] support.
* Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Use Android 6.0's Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar |date=February 3, 2022 |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224155656/https://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Automatic full data backup and restore for apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 4K display mode for apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |title=Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage |date=April 7, 2017 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142932/https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[MIDI]] support for musical instruments.<ref>{{cite web |title=MIDI – Android Open Source Project |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926143719/http://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Experimental multi-window feature.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow |date=October 16, 2015 |url=http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019233847/http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering |date=October 6, 2015 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023093409/http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time. Similar to [[App Ops]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |title=Request App Permissions  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=April 28, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505063403/http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Miracast support dropped.<ref name="CWnostalgia">{{Cite news |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android/android-nostalgia-old-features.html |title=Android nostalgia: 13 once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away |last=Raphael |first=JR |date=December 5, 2017 |work=Computerworld |access-date=December 6, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142934/https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android-features-faded.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Many new essential commands supported by Android's [[Linux shell]] ''(/bin/sh)''.
* No screen rotation during touch.
|-
| 6.0.1
| December 7, 2015<ref name="android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena">{{cite web |title=Google releases Android 6.0.1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P/6, Nexus 5X/5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 [2013] |url=http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013 |website=GadgetzArena |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121153839/http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* [[Unicode 7.0]] & [[Unicode 8.0|8.0]] [[emoji]] support.<ref name="emojipedia-601">{{cite web |title=Android 6.0.1 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217072617/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Descriptions for USB connection options.
* Double-press the power button to open the camera.
|}

=== Android 7.0 Nougat ===
{{Main|Android Nougat}}
{{anchor|Nougat|Android 7|7|Android 7.0|Android Nougat}}

Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new "Android Beta Program" which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 – the final preview – is available for download |date=July 18, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719133438/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the build number NPD90G.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.0
| August 22, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |title=Taking the final wrapper off of Android 7.0 Nougat |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142838/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Support for file-based encryption.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |title=Pixel Security: Better, Faster, Stronger |last1=Crowley |first1=Paul |last2=Lawrence |first2=Paul |website=Google Security Blog |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042809/https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Unicode 9.0]] [[emoji]] and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of [[ICU4J]] APIs).<ref name="emojipedia-70">{{cite web |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=August 22, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222042239/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability to display color calibration.
* Ability to zoom in the screen.
* Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button.
* Added an Emergency information part.
* Added the "Clear All" button to the Overview screen.
* Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates.
* [[Google Daydream|Daydream]] virtual reality platform (VR interface).
* Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life.
* Improvements to the file browser.
* Ability to [[File operation|move files]] added to ''Storage Access Framework''<ref name=SAF-API24>{{cite web |title=DocumentsContract |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143342/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |url-status=live }}</ref>
* More Quick Settings options.
* Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout.
* New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage.
* New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size.
* Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |title=Android 7.0 for Developers  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=August 25, 2016 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911205602/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Picture-in-picture]] support for [[Android TV]].
* Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings.
* Redesigned Overview screen.
* Replaced notification cards with notification sheets.
* Settings app navigation drawer.
* [[Vulkan (API)|Vulkan 3D]] rendering API.
* Multiple Device Locales<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |title=Android N Feature Spotlight: Multiple Device Locales Are Now Supported, Allowing Search Results In Multiple Languages And Other Goodies |date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214005239/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Discontinuation of Android Camera V1 API<ref name=CameraVersion>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |title=Camera Version Support |website=Android Open Source Project |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704161717/https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Restricted file system access<ref>{{cite web |url=https://proclockers.com/review/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |title=List of All Android Operating System Names (2020 Update) |date=November 18, 2020 |publisher=ProClockers |access-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143419/https://gaminggorilla.com/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 7.1 Nougat ====
{{anchor|Android 7.1|7.1}}

On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.1
| October 4, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |title=Android 7.1 Nougat's changelog is here, includes both Pixel-exclusive and non-Pixel exclusive changes |date=October 4, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125659/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Rearranged notification shade.
* "Restart" option added to power button menu<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Rupesh |title=Android 7.1 Changes: What The New Update Brings |url=https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |website=Beebom |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=October 20, 2016 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Touch/display performance improvements.
* Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture{{snd}}opt-in).
* Opt-in with new hardware required:
** Seamless A/B system updates.
** Daydream VR mode.
* Developer features:
** Shortcut manager APIs.
** Circular app icons support.
** Keyboard image insertion.
** Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade.
** Manual storage manager Intent for apps.
** Improved VR thread scheduling.
** Enhanced wallpaper metadata.
** Multi-endpoint call support.
** Support for various MNO requirements.
*** PCDMA voice privacy property.
*** Source type support for Visual Voicemail.
*** Carrier config options for managing telephone videos.
* Manual storage manager{{snd}} identifies files and apps using storage.
|-
| 7.1.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |title=A sweet update to Nougat: Android 7.1.1 |date=December 5, 2016 |website=Google Blog |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213001345/https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 1, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143448/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* New set of [[emoji]]s adding different skin tones and haircuts to existing ones.
* Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard.
* App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long-pressing the app icon.
* Developer Options: ''Show CPU Usage'' feature removed.
|-
| 7.1.2<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |title=Google Groups |website=productforums.google.com |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203081016/https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |title=Some Pixel C and Nexus Player owners are getting the official Android 7.1.2 update |date=April 2, 2017 |website=Android Authority |access-date=April 2, 2017 |archive-date=April 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403005448/http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| April 2, 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143348/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Battery usage alerts.
|}

=== Android 8.0 Oreo ===
{{Main|Android Oreo}}
{{anchor|Oreo|Android 8|8|Android 8.0|Android Oreo|8.0|Project Treble}}

Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.0<ref name="guardian8">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |title=Oreo: Google announces release of the next version of Android 8 |date=August 21, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Samuel |last1=Gibbs |first2=Olivia |last2=Solon |access-date=March 11, 2019 |archive-date=September 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903103557/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 21, 2017
|
* '''Project Treble''', the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates.
* Picture-in-picture support.
* Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines.
* Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors.
* Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries.
* Adaptive icons
* Notification improvements.
** Notification channels.
** Notification dots (badges).
** Notification snoozing.
** Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.).
* System-wide Autofill framework.
* Support for [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[Sony]]'s [[LDAC (codec)|LDAC]] and [[Qualcomm]]'s [[aptX]] and [[AptX#aptX HD|aptX HD]] codecs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |title=How Oreo is better than Nougat: Audio |date=August 23, 2017 |website=Android Authority |language=en-US |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App-specific unknown sources.
* Multi-display support.
* 2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.<ref name="guardian8"/>
* Apps background execution and location limits.
* Google Play Protect.
* Downloadable fonts.
* Integrated printing support.
* Color management (deep color and wide color gamut).
* Wi-Fi Assistant.
|}

==== Android 8.1 Oreo ====
{{anchor|8.1|Android 8.1}}

Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |title=Google Blog |website=android-developers.googleblog.com |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025183103/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goandroid.co.in/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |title=Android 8.1 developer preview arrives for Pixel and Nexus devices |date=October 25, 2017 |website=GoAndroid |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143449/https://www.thegoandroid.com/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 5, 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |title=Android 8.1 Oreo goes final, rolling out now to Pixel and Nexus devices |date=December 5, 2017 |website=Ars Technica |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102090441/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |title=Welcoming Android 8.1 Oreo and Android Oreo (Go edition) |author=Dave Burke |date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143856/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Neural networks API.
* Shared memory API.
* WallpaperColors API.
* Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings.
* '''[[Android Go|Android Oreo (Go edition)]]''', a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1 GB of RAM.<ref name = "Android Go">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |title=Android Go is here to fix super cheap phones |publisher=The Verge |date=March 1, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144008/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Autofill framework updates.
* Programmatic Safe Browsing actions.
* Navigation buttons dim when not in use.
* Visual changes to 'Power Off' and 'Restart', including a new screen and floating toolbar.
* Toast messages are now white with the same existing transparency.
* Automatic light and dark themes.
* New Easter egg in the form of an official [[Oreo|Oreo cookie]] picture.<ref name = "Android police oreo cookie">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |title=Android 8.1 feature spotlight: A new Oreo Easter egg |date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143858/https://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 9 Pie ===
{{Main|Android Pie}}
{{anchor|Pie|Android 9|9|Android 9.0|9.0|Android Pie}}

Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a "Release Candidate") was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 9 Pie (API 28)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|9
|August 6, 2018
|
* New user interface for the quick settings menu.<ref name="xda">{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mishaal |title=Here's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google Pixel/XL and Pixel 2/XL |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |website=XDA Developers |access-date=March 8, 2018 |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422014635/https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |title=The biggest early visual changes in Android P |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |access-date=March 8, 2018 |work=[[The Verge]] |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622084001/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The "dock" now has a semi-transparent background.<ref name="Verge"/>
* Battery Saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars.<ref name=xda/>
* A "screenshot" button has been added to the power options.<ref name="Verge"/>
* A new "Lockdown" mode which disables biometric authentication once activated.
* Rounded corners across the UI.
* New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps.
* Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be seen within a notification, full-scale images, and smart replies akin to Google's new app, Reply.
* Support for display cutouts.
* Redesigned volume slider.
* Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display.
* Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock.
* Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving.
* [[DNS over TLS]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview |date=April 17, 2018 |work=Google Security Blog |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |access-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422194047/https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A new optional gesture-based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI.
* Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built-in.
* Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time they are spending on their device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps.
* "Shush", an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications.
* "Adaptive Battery" prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS determines the user will not use.
* Auto-Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits.
* Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bedtime that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone's interface gray to discourage further use at night.
* [[Vulkan#Vulkan 1.1|Vulkan 1.1]] support.
* Call recording options fully disabled<ref name=ACR>{{Cite web |url=https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |title=Android 9/10 call recording issues | ACR – Another Call Recorder by NLL APPS |website=nllapps.com |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144014/https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 10 ===
{{Main|Android 10}}
{{anchor|10|Android 10}}

Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 10 (API 29)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 10
| September 3, 2019
|
* Revamped full-screen gesture navigation with new app open/close animations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |title=[Update: OEM Gestures Allowed] Google's new navigation gestures in Android Q will be mandatory for all devices |date=May 9, 2019 |website=xda-developers |access-date=August 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144403/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Android 10 launcher port brings new gesture animations to Android 9 |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |website=xda-developers |date=September 10, 2019 |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144404/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=September 23, 2020 |title=Android 11—The Ars Technica Review |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |access-date=April 17, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Scoped storage'' restrictions<ref>{{cite web |title=Privacy changes in Android 10 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144407/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |url-status=live }}</ref>
* New permissions required to access location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.<ref name="introducingqbeta">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Introducing Android Q Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=March 13, 2019 |date=March 13, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090246/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Background (idle) access to camera, microphone and sensors disabled for more privacy protection with the side effect of disabling [[antitheft]] software.<ref name=Verge-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |title=Android P won't let apps secretly use your mic or camera in the background |first=Chris |last=Welch |date=March 7, 2018 |website=The Verge |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=AndroidAuth-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |title=Android P will prevent apps from using your camera or microphone without telling you (Updated) |date=February 21, 2018 |website=Android Authority |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144520/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=PhoneArena-background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |title=Android P will prevent background apps from using the camera |first=Mihail |last=Nikolov |website=Phone Arena |date=February 20, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144410/https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[AV1]] video codec, the [[HDR10+]] video format and the [[Opus (audio format)|Opus]] audio codec.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[AptX#aptX Adaptive|aptX Adaptive]], [[LHDC (codec)#LHDC|LHDC]], [[LHDC (codec)#LLAC|LLAC]], [[CELT]] and AAC LATM codecs<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/implement |title=Audio Implementation |website=Android Open Source Project |language=en |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144519/https://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |title=Android 10 devices are going to sound better with LHDC™ |last=Yeow |first=Goh Beng |date=October 22, 2019 |website=Porta-Fi™ |language=en-GB |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144928/https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A native [[MIDI]] API, allowing interaction with music controllers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Better support for [[biometric authentication]] in apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[Wi-Fi Protected Access#WPA3|WPA3]] Wi-Fi security protocol.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[foldable phone]]s.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for Notification Bubbles.<ref name="qbeta2">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Android Q Beta 2 update |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=April 25, 2019 |date=April 3, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144944/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="notificationbubbles">{{cite web |title=Bubbles |website=Android Developers |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410052657/https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
* New system-wide dark theme/mode<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/look-and-feel/darktheme |title=Dark theme |website=Android Developers |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144954/https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/theming/darktheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/10/10/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |title=Google Dark Mode app roundup: Everything available so far |first=Ben |last=Schoon |work=9to5Google |date=October 10, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144952/https://9to5google.com/2020/05/19/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* TLS v1.3 support added.
* Project Mainline, allows core OS components to be updated via the [[Google Play Store]], without requiring a complete system update<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |title=Fresher OS with Projects Treble and Mainline |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220093711/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 11 ===
{{Main|Android 11}}
{{anchor|11|Android 11}}

Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turning it up to 11: the first Developer Preview of Android 11 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |last=Burke |first=Dave |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144915/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 11 Developer Preview: All the changes we found from Android 10 so far! |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |date=February 19, 2020 |last=Fedewa |first=Joe |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145014/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020, to June 10, 2020.<ref name="eleven-beta">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |title=Google delays the Android 11 Beta announcement as protests roil US cities |website=www.theverge.com |access-date=June 8, 2020 |date=May 30, 2020 |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530071708/https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 11 (API 30)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 11
| September 8, 2020
|
* Chat bubbles.
* Screen recorder.
* Notification history.
* New permissions controls.
* API distinction between standalone [[5G NR]] and non-standalone 5G.
* One-time permissions.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11">{{cite web |last1=Cuthbertso |first1=Stephanie |title=Unwrapping the Android 11 Beta, plus more developer updates |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=August 20, 2020 |date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144916/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Permissions auto-reset.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" />
* Wireless [[Android Auto]] on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.<ref name="Android 11 Product Page">{{Cite web |title=Android 11 |url=https://www.android.com/android-11/ |access-date=September 25, 2020 |website=Android |language=en-US |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912094615/https://www.android.com/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" /><ref name="mainline">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |title=Accelerating Android Updates |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144946/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.<ref name="Android 11 Enterprise Blog">{{Cite web |last1=Marsanyi |first1=Ian |title=Championing employee privacy, productivity with Android 11 |url=https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |website=Android Enterprise Blog |access-date=September 25, 2020 |date=September 8, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145503/https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schoon |first1=Ben |title=Android 11 prepares new settings for Gesture Navigation |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145534/https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Since this version, apps no longer have access to other app's directories (including "Android/Data").<ref>{{cite news |title=Android 11 : Scoped Storage |url=https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |work=DhiWise |date=21 July 2021 |language=en |access-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145504/https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 12 ===
{{Main|Android 12}}
{{anchor|12|Android 12}}

Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android S: the first Developer Preview of Android 12 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219023916/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 12 Developer Preview: First Developer preview |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |date=February 18, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145505/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12 (API 31)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12
| October 4, 2021
|
* Easier Wi-Fi sharing.
* [[AVIF]] image support.
* Material You, an updated design language based on [[Material Design]].
* Scrolling Screenshot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 To Finally Bring Scrolling Screenshots |url=https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |website=TechiAI |date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710104625/https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* One Handed Mode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guide to enable One-Handed Mode on Android 12 |url=https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |website=Gizmochina |date=March 28, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704194900/https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) module added to the updatable core OS components via Google Play, added functionality to existing modules.<ref name="Features">{{cite web |title=Android 12 Features |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=androidauthority |access-date=February 18, 2021 |date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="12preview">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |title=First preview of Android 12 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218180352/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Area Magnification can zoom in any content on device.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magnification feature now offers a useful floating window |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713032843/https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* "Extra Dim" is a faint level of brightness not accessible by the brightness scale.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 gets 'Extra Dim' |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |website=Android Police |date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718044005/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bold Text.
* Greyscale.
* A green dot at the top right of the screen shows when the camera or microphone is in use.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raphael |first1=J. R. |title=How to take advantage of Android 12's new privacy options |url=https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |website=The Verge |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=en |date=20 August 2021 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401123146/https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Option to choose precise or approximate location.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 features: Everything you need to know about Google's latest OS |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=Android Authority |date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Privacy Dashboard.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to access and use the Android 12 Privacy Dashboard |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |website=Android Central |date=September 21, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107025705/https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Gestures can work in immersive mode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 fixes one of the most frustrating things about gesture navigation |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |website=Android Police |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706101016/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Performance improvements to system services to improve transitions, power efficiency, and reduce app startup times.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's new in Android 12 Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 22, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112036/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Third party app stores now have the ability to update apps without constantly asking the user for permission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=Android 12 will finally let alternative app stores update apps on their own |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622223308/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 12L ====
{{Main|Android 12L}}
{{anchor|12L|Android 12L}}

Android 12L{{efn|Released as "Android 12.1" for smartphones}} is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced in October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12L (API 32)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12L
| March 7, 2022
|
* Improvements specific for foldable phones, tablets, desktop-sized screens and Chromebooks, and modifications to the user interface to tailor it to larger screens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=12L and new Android APIs and tools for large screens |last=Burke |first=Dave |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |date=October 27, 2021 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-date=July 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722074255/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 13 ===
{{Main|Android 13}}
{{anchor|13|Android 13}}

Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 13 (API 33)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 13
| August 15, 2022
|
* Apps are now required to request permission from the user before they are able to send notifications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abner |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Here's everything new in Android 13 Developer Preview 2 [Gallery] |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |access-date=March 18, 2022 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317185828/https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The number of active apps is now shown at the bottom of the notifications panel, a tap on it opens a detailed panel which lets the user stop each of them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Android 13 review: Plans for the future, but not much to offer today |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=August 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830231050/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for [[Bluetooth Low Energy|Bluetooth LE]] Audio and the [[LC3 (codec)|LC3 audio codec]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2021 |title=Android 13 may finally bring full support for Bluetooth LE Audio |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629122229/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New LC3 Encoder (I5f2f7627) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit |archive-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109172549/https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Add new LC3 decoder (I275ea8ba) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1936078 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit}}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime|ART]] update with a new [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collector]] utilizing the [[Linux kernel|Linux]] userfaultfd [[system call]].<ref name="Gidra">{{Citation |last=Gidra |first=Lokesh |title=What's new in app performance |date=May 12, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYdHLqLVspY |language=en |access-date=August 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gidra |first1=Lokesh |last2=Boehm |first2=Hans-J. |last3=Fernandes |first3=Joel |date=October 12, 2020 |title=Utilizing the Linux Userfaultfd System Call in a Compaction Phase of a Garbage Collection Process |url=https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3671 |journal=Defensive Publications Series}}</ref><ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP">{{Cite web |title=Android 13 is in AOSP! |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2022/08/android-13-is-in-aosp.html |access-date=August 16, 2022 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref> It reduces memory pressure, compiled code size and [[Jank (web)|jank]], and prevents the risk of killing apps because of low memory during garbage collection.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Other changes also improve app startup, reduce jank and improve performance.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Because of the Mainline project, Android 12 ART will also be updated.<ref name="Gidra"/>
* Support of Themed icons by third-party apps and manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=2022-12-09 |title=Android themed: These apps support Material You makeovers |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/12/09/android-13-themed-icons/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=[[9to5Google]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 14 ===
{{Main|Android 14}}

Android 14 is the fourteenth major version of the Android operating system. Google announced Android 14 on February 8, 2023, with the first Developer Preview releasing on the same day.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 14 (API 34)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|14
|October 4, 2023
|
* Installation of apps designed to target Android versions and SDKs older than [[Android Marshmallow|Marshmallow (6.0)]] is blocked to prevent malware.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Android 14 Preview 1 is out, will officially ban installation of old apps |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=22 Best Android 14 Features (New and Upcoming) |url=https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Beebom]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 15 ===
{{Main|Android 15}}

Android 15 is the fifteenth major version of the Android operating system. It was released on September 3, 2024 as part of the Android Open Source Project,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthew|first=McCullough |date=September 3, 2024 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/09/android-15-is-released-to-aosp.html |title=Android 15 is released to AOSP |website=Android Developer Blog |publisher=Google |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> and was first released to a device on September 30, 2024 by [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonggolto |first=Jay |date=September 30, 2024 |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/apps-software/the-first-oem-to-drop-android-15-updates-is-one-youd-never-guess |title=The first OEM to drop Android 15 updates is one you'd never guess |website=Android Central |publisher=Future US |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> Unlike previous versions of Android, the new update wasn't made available upon its release to Google's own Pixel line, instead being released on October 15, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=October 15, 2024 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/15/24268043/google-android-15-pixel |title=Android 15 is now available for Pixels |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=October 15, 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 15 (API 35)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 15.0
| September 3, 2024
|
* Reintroduction of lock screen widgets on tablets, which were introduced in Android 4.2 and removed in Android 5.0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=2024-01-12 |title=Android 15 might bring back lock screen widgets |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/01/it-looks-like-lock-screen-widgets-are-making-a-comeback-in-android-15/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 16 ===
{{Main|Android 16}}
Android 16 is the upcoming major release of [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. The first Developer Preview of Android 16 was released on 19 November 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-11-19 |title=Android 16 is now available for early testers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/19/24300673/android-16-developer-preview-availability-release-timeline |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> [[Google]] expects the platform to reach beta stage in January 2025 with a final release expected in Q2 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 16 (API 36)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 16 DP1
| November 19, 2024
|
* Embedded photo picker
* Health records
* privacy sandbox on android.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>

== References ==
<references/>

Module:Yesno

2025-03-29T14:02:04Z

Luke: Protected "Module:Yesno": High-risk template ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))

-- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input.
-- It works similarly to the template {{yesno}}.

return function (val, default)
-- If your wiki uses non-ascii characters for any of "yes", "no", etc., you
-- should replace "val:lower()" with "mw.ustring.lower(val)" in the
-- following line.
val = type(val) == 'string' and val:lower() or val
if val == nil then
return nil
elseif val == true
or val == 'yes'
or val == 'y'
or val == 'true'
or val == 't'
or val == 'on'
or tonumber(val) == 1
then
return true
elseif val == false
or val == 'no'
or val == 'n'
or val == 'false'
or val == 'f'
or val == 'off'
or tonumber(val) == 0
then
return false
else
return default
end
end

Module:Arguments

2025-03-29T14:00:53Z

Luke: Protected "Module:Arguments": High-risk template ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))

-- This module provides easy processing of arguments passed to Scribunto from
-- #invoke. It is intended for use by other Lua modules, and should not be
-- called from #invoke directly.

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType

local arguments = {}

-- Generate four different tidyVal functions, so that we don't have to check the
-- options every time we call it.

local function tidyValDefault(key, val)
if type(val) == 'string' then
val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
if val == '' then
return nil
else
return val
end
else
return val
end
end

local function tidyValTrimOnly(key, val)
if type(val) == 'string' then
return val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
else
return val
end
end

local function tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly(key, val)
if type(val) == 'string' then
if val:find('%S') then
return val
else
return nil
end
else
return val
end
end

local function tidyValNoChange(key, val)
return val
end

local function matchesTitle(given, title)
local tp = type( given )
return (tp == 'string' or tp == 'number') and mw.title.new( given ).prefixedText == title
end

local translate_mt = { __index = function(t, k) return k end }

function arguments.getArgs(frame, options)
checkType('getArgs', 1, frame, 'table', true)
checkType('getArgs', 2, options, 'table', true)
frame = frame or {}
options = options or {}

--[[
-- Set up argument translation.
--]]
options.translate = options.translate or {}
if getmetatable(options.translate) == nil then
setmetatable(options.translate, translate_mt)
end
if options.backtranslate == nil then
options.backtranslate = {}
for k,v in pairs(options.translate) do
options.backtranslate[v] = k
end
end
if options.backtranslate and getmetatable(options.backtranslate) == nil then
setmetatable(options.backtranslate, {
__index = function(t, k)
if options.translate[k] ~= k then
return nil
else
return k
end
end
})
end

--[[
-- Get the argument tables. If we were passed a valid frame object, get the
-- frame arguments (fargs) and the parent frame arguments (pargs), depending
-- on the options set and on the parent frame's availability. If we weren't
-- passed a valid frame object, we are being called from another Lua module
-- or from the debug console, so assume that we were passed a table of args
-- directly, and assign it to a new variable (luaArgs).
--]]
local fargs, pargs, luaArgs
if type(frame.args) == 'table' and type(frame.getParent) == 'function' then
if options.wrappers then
--[[
-- The wrappers option makes Module:Arguments look up arguments in
-- either the frame argument table or the parent argument table, but
-- not both. This means that users can use either the #invoke syntax
-- or a wrapper template without the loss of performance associated
-- with looking arguments up in both the frame and the parent frame.
-- Module:Arguments will look up arguments in the parent frame
-- if it finds the parent frame's title in options.wrapper;
-- otherwise it will look up arguments in the frame object passed
-- to getArgs.
--]]
local parent = frame:getParent()
if not parent then
fargs = frame.args
else
local title = parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')
local found = false
if matchesTitle(options.wrappers, title) then
found = true
elseif type(options.wrappers) == 'table' then
for _,v in pairs(options.wrappers) do
if matchesTitle(v, title) then
found = true
break
end
end
end

-- We test for false specifically here so that nil (the default) acts like true.
if found or options.frameOnly == false then
pargs = parent.args
end
if not found or options.parentOnly == false then
fargs = frame.args
end
end
else
-- options.wrapper isn't set, so check the other options.
if not options.parentOnly then
fargs = frame.args
end
if not options.frameOnly then
local parent = frame:getParent()
pargs = parent and parent.args or nil
end
end
if options.parentFirst then
fargs, pargs = pargs, fargs
end
else
luaArgs = frame
end

-- Set the order of precedence of the argument tables. If the variables are
-- nil, nothing will be added to the table, which is how we avoid clashes
-- between the frame/parent args and the Lua args.
local argTables = {fargs}
argTables[#argTables + 1] = pargs
argTables[#argTables + 1] = luaArgs

--[[
-- Generate the tidyVal function. If it has been specified by the user, we
-- use that; if not, we choose one of four functions depending on the
-- options chosen. This is so that we don't have to call the options table
-- every time the function is called.
--]]
local tidyVal = options.valueFunc
if tidyVal then
if type(tidyVal) ~= 'function' then
error(
"bad value assigned to option 'valueFunc'"
.. '(function expected, got '
.. type(tidyVal)
.. ')',
2
)
end
elseif options.trim ~= false then
if options.removeBlanks ~= false then
tidyVal = tidyValDefault
else
tidyVal = tidyValTrimOnly
end
else
if options.removeBlanks ~= false then
tidyVal = tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly
else
tidyVal = tidyValNoChange
end
end

--[[
-- Set up the args, metaArgs and nilArgs tables. args will be the one
-- accessed from functions, and metaArgs will hold the actual arguments. Nil
-- arguments are memoized in nilArgs, and the metatable connects all of them
-- together.
--]]
local args, metaArgs, nilArgs, metatable = {}, {}, {}, {}
setmetatable(args, metatable)

local function mergeArgs(tables)
--[[
-- Accepts multiple tables as input and merges their keys and values
-- into one table. If a value is already present it is not overwritten;
-- tables listed earlier have precedence. We are also memoizing nil
-- values, which can be overwritten if they are 's' (soft).
--]]
for _, t in ipairs(tables) do
for key, val in pairs(t) do
if metaArgs[key] == nil and nilArgs[key] ~= 'h' then
local tidiedVal = tidyVal(key, val)
if tidiedVal == nil then
nilArgs[key] = 's'
else
metaArgs[key] = tidiedVal
end
end
end
end
end

--[[
-- Define metatable behaviour. Arguments are memoized in the metaArgs table,
-- and are only fetched from the argument tables once. Fetching arguments
-- from the argument tables is the most resource-intensive step in this
-- module, so we try and avoid it where possible. For this reason, nil
-- arguments are also memoized, in the nilArgs table. Also, we keep a record
-- in the metatable of when pairs and ipairs have been called, so we do not
-- run pairs and ipairs on the argument tables more than once. We also do
-- not run ipairs on fargs and pargs if pairs has already been run, as all
-- the arguments will already have been copied over.
--]]

metatable.__index = function (t, key)
--[[
-- Fetches an argument when the args table is indexed. First we check
-- to see if the value is memoized, and if not we try and fetch it from
-- the argument tables. When we check memoization, we need to check
-- metaArgs before nilArgs, as both can be non-nil at the same time.
-- If the argument is not present in metaArgs, we also check whether
-- pairs has been run yet. If pairs has already been run, we return nil.
-- This is because all the arguments will have already been copied into
-- metaArgs by the mergeArgs function, meaning that any other arguments
-- must be nil.
--]]
if type(key) == 'string' then
key = options.translate[key]
end
local val = metaArgs[key]
if val ~= nil then
return val
elseif metatable.donePairs or nilArgs[key] then
return nil
end
for _, argTable in ipairs(argTables) do
local argTableVal = tidyVal(key, argTable[key])
if argTableVal ~= nil then
metaArgs[key] = argTableVal
return argTableVal
end
end
nilArgs[key] = 'h'
return nil
end

metatable.__newindex = function (t, key, val)
-- This function is called when a module tries to add a new value to the
-- args table, or tries to change an existing value.
if type(key) == 'string' then
key = options.translate[key]
end
if options.readOnly then
error(
'could not write to argument table key "'
.. tostring(key)
.. '"; the table is read-only',
2
)
elseif options.noOverwrite and args[key] ~= nil then
error(
'could not write to argument table key "'
.. tostring(key)
.. '"; overwriting existing arguments is not permitted',
2
)
elseif val == nil then
--[[
-- If the argument is to be overwritten with nil, we need to erase
-- the value in metaArgs, so that __index, __pairs and __ipairs do
-- not use a previous existing value, if present; and we also need
-- to memoize the nil in nilArgs, so that the value isn't looked
-- up in the argument tables if it is accessed again.
--]]
metaArgs[key] = nil
nilArgs[key] = 'h'
else
metaArgs[key] = val
end
end

local function translatenext(invariant)
local k, v = next(invariant.t, invariant.k)
invariant.k = k
if k == nil then
return nil
elseif type(k) ~= 'string' or not options.backtranslate then
return k, v
else
local backtranslate = options.backtranslate[k]
if backtranslate == nil then
-- Skip this one. This is a tail call, so this won't cause stack overflow
return translatenext(invariant)
else
return backtranslate, v
end
end
end

metatable.__pairs = function ()
-- Called when pairs is run on the args table.
if not metatable.donePairs then
mergeArgs(argTables)
metatable.donePairs = true
end
return translatenext, { t = metaArgs }
end

local function inext(t, i)
-- This uses our __index metamethod
local v = t[i + 1]
if v ~= nil then
return i + 1, v
end
end

metatable.__ipairs = function (t)
-- Called when ipairs is run on the args table.
return inext, t, 0
end

return args
end

return arguments

Module:Documentation/styles.css

2025-03-29T13:59:31Z

Luke: restore simpler version

.documentation,
.documentation-metadata {
border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
background-color: #ecfcf4;
clear: both;
}

.documentation {
margin: 1em 0 0 0;
padding: 1em;
}

.documentation-metadata {
margin: 0.2em 0; /* same margin left-right as .documentation */
font-style: italic;
padding: 0.4em 1em; /* same padding left-right as .documentation */
}

.documentation-startbox {
padding-bottom: 3px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;
margin-bottom: 1ex;
}

.documentation-heading {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 125%;
}

.documentation-clear { /* Don't want things to stick out where they shouldn't. */
clear: both;
}

.documentation-toolbar {
font-style: normal;
font-size: 85%;
}

/* Darkmode */
@media screen {
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation-metadata {
background-color: #0b1e1c;
}
}

@media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation-metadata {
background-color: #0b1e1c;
}
}

/* [[Category:Template stylesheets]] */

Category:Pages with script errors

2025-03-28T23:00:07Z

Luke: Created page with "__HIDDENCAT__"

__HIDDENCAT__

Template:Cite journal

2025-03-28T19:22:57Z

Luke: Dummy edit

{{Citation/core
| Citation class=Journal

|Surname1={{{last|{{{last1|{{{author|{{{author1|{{{authors|{{{surname|{{{surname1|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Surname2={{{last2|{{{author2|{{{surname2|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname3={{{last3|{{{author3|{{{surname3|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname4={{{last4|{{{author4|{{{surname4|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname5={{{last5|{{{author5|{{{surname5|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname6={{{last6|{{{author6|{{{surname6|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname7={{{last7|{{{author7|{{{surname7|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname8={{{last8|{{{author8|{{{surname8|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname9={{{last9|{{{author9|{{{surname9|}}}}}}}}}

|Given1={{{first|{{{first1|{{{given|{{{given1|}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Given2={{{first2|{{{given2|}}}}}}
|Given3={{{first3|{{{given3|}}}}}}
|Given4={{{first4|{{{given4|}}}}}}
|Given5={{{first5|{{{given5|}}}}}}
|Given6={{{first6|{{{given6|}}}}}}
|Given7={{{first7|{{{given7|}}}}}}
|Given8={{{first8|{{{given8|}}}}}}
|Given9={{{first9|{{{given9|}}}}}}

|Authorlink1={{{authorlink|{{{authorlink1|{{{author-link|{{{author1-link|}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Authorlink2={{{authorlink2|{{{author2-link|}}}}}}
|Authorlink3={{{authorlink3|{{{author3-link|}}}}}}
|Authorlink4={{{authorlink4|{{{author4-link|}}}}}}
|Authorlink5={{{authorlink5|{{{author5-link|}}}}}}
|Authorlink6={{{authorlink6|{{{author6-link|}}}}}}
|Authorlink7={{{authorlink7|{{{author7-link|}}}}}}
|Authorlink8={{{authorlink8|{{{author8-link|}}}}}}
|Authorlink9={{{authorlink9|{{{author9-link|}}}}}}

|Coauthors={{{coauthors|{{{coauthor|}}}}}}

|Other={{{others|}}}

|Year={{{year|{{ 
#if: {{{date|}}}
|{{
#iferror:{{#time:Y|{{{date|}}} }}
|{{#iferror:{{#time:Y|{{{publication-date|einval}}} }}||{{#time:Y|{{{publication-date|}}} }}}}
|{{#time:Y|{{{date|}}} }}
}}
|{{{publication-date|}}} 
}}
}}}
|YearNote={{{origyear|}}}
|Date={{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{{date}}}|{{{day|}}} {{{month|}}} {{{year|{{{publication-date|}}}}}}}}

|Title={{{title|}}}
|TransTitle={{{trans_title|}}}
|IncludedWorkTitle={{{chapter|{{{contribution|}}}}}}
|TitleType={{{type|}}}
|language={{{language|}}}

|URL={{#if:{{{archiveurl|}}}
|{{#ifeq: {{{deadurl|}}} | no | {{{url|}}} | {{{archiveurl|}}} }}
|{{#if:{{{url|}}}
|{{{url}}}
|{{#if:{{{pmc|{{{PMC|}}}}}}
|{{#ifexpr:{{#time: U}} > {{#time: U | {{{Embargo|2001-10-10}}} }}
|{{hide in print|1=//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC{{{pmc|{{{PMC|}}}}}}/}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|IncludedWorkURL={{{chapter-url|{{{chapterurl|{{{contribution-url|}}}}}}}}}
|AccessDate={{{accessdate|}}}
|OriginalURL={{{url|}}}
|ArchiveURL={{{archiveurl|}}}
|ArchiveDate={{{archivedate|}}}
|DeadURL={{{deadurl|}}}
|format={{{format|}}}

|Periodical={{{work|{{{journal|{{{newspaper|{{{magazine|{{{periodical|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Issue={{{issue|{{{number|}}}}}}
|TitleNote={{{department|}}}

|At={{#if: {{{journal|{{{periodical|{{{magazine|{{{work|}}}}}}}}}}}}
|{{{page|{{{pages|{{{at|}}}}}}}}}
|{{#if: {{{page|}}}|{{#if:{{{nopp|}}}||p. }}{{{page}}}
|{{#if: {{{pages|}}}|{{#if:{{{nopp|}}}||pp. }}{{{pages}}}
|{{{at|}}} }} }} }}

|Edition={{{edition|}}}
|Series={{{series|{{{version|}}}}}}
|Volume={{{volume|}}}

|Publisher={{{publisher|}}}
|Place={{{location|{{{place|}}}}}}
|PublicationPlace={{{location|{{{place|{{{publication-place|}}}}}}}}}
|PublicationDate={{{publication-date|}}}

|EditorSurname1={{{editor-last|{{{editor1-last|{{{editor|{{{editors|{{{editor-surname|{{{editor1-surname|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|EditorSurname2={{{editor2-last|{{{editor2-surname|}}}}}}
|EditorSurname3={{{editor3-last|{{{editor3-surname|}}}}}}
|EditorSurname4={{{editor4-last|{{{editor4-surname|}}}}}}
|EditorGiven1={{{editor-first|{{{editor1-first|{{{editor-given|{{{editor1-given|}}}}}}}}}}}}
|EditorGiven2={{{editor2-first|{{{editor2-given|}}}}}}
|EditorGiven3={{{editor3-first|{{{editor3-given|}}}}}}
|EditorGiven4={{{editor4-first|{{{editor4-given|}}}}}}
|Editorlink1={{{editor-link|{{{editor1-link|}}}}}}
|Editorlink2={{{editor2-link|}}}
|Editorlink3={{{editor3-link|}}}
|Editorlink4={{{editor4-link|}}}

|ARXIV={{{arxiv|}}}
|ASIN={{{asin|{{{ASIN|}}}}}}
|ASIN-TLD={{{asin-tld|}}}
|BIBCODE={{{bibcode|}}}
|DOI={{{doi|{{{DOI|}}}}}}
|DoiBroken={{{doi_brokendate|{{{doi_inactivedate|}}}}}}
|ISBN={{{isbn|{{{ISBN|}}}}}}
|ISSN={{{issn|{{{ISSN|}}}}}}
|JFM={{{jfm|{{{JFM|}}}}}}
|JSTOR={{{jstor|{{{JSTOR|}}}}}}
|LCCN={{{lccn|{{{LCCN|}}}}}}
|MR={{{mr|{{{MR|}}}}}}
|OCLC={{{oclc|{{{OCLC|}}}}}}
|OL={{{ol|{{{OL|}}}}}}
|OSTI={{{osti|{{{OSTI|}}}}}}
|PMC={{{pmc|{{{PMC|}}}}}}
|PMID={{{pmid|{{{PMID|}}}}}}
|RFC={{{rfc|{{{RFC|}}}}}}
|SSRN={{{ssrn|{{{SSRN|}}}}}}
|ZBL={{{zbl|}}}
|ID={{{id|{{{ID|}}}}}}

|laysummary={{{laysummary|}}}
|laydate={{{laydate|}}}
|laysource={{{laysource|}}}

|quote={{{quote|}}}

|Ref={{{ref|}}}

|amp={{{lastauthoramp|}}}
|AuthorMask={{{author-mask|{{{authormask|}}}}}}
|AuthorSep={{#ifeq:{{{author-separator|}}}|;|;|{{{author-separator|;}}}}} 
|NameSep={{{author-name-separator|,}}} 
|PS={{#if:{{{quote|}}}||{{{postscript|.}}}}}
|Sep={{#ifeq:{{{separator|{{{seperator}}} }}}|;|;|{{{separator|{{{seperator|.}}} }}} }}
|template doc demo={{{template doc demo|}}}
|Trunc={{#if:{{{display-authors|}}}|{{{display-authors}}}|8}}
}}{{#if:{{{access-date|}}}{{{accessdaymonth|}}}{{{accessday|}}}{{{accessmonthday|}}}{{{accessmonth|}}}{{{accessyear|}}}{{{dateformat|}}}{{{day|}}}{{{doilabel|}}}
|[[Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters|{{NAMESPACE}} {{PAGENAME}}]]}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:High-risk

2025-03-28T19:18:23Z

Luke: unnecessary templates

#REDIRECT [[Template:High-use]]

Module:Documentation/config

2025-03-28T19:17:52Z

Luke: restore simpler version

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Configuration for Module:Documentation
--
-- Here you can set the values of the parameters and messages used in Module:Documentation to
-- localise it to your wiki and your language. Unless specified otherwise, values given here
-- should be string values.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local cfg = {} -- Do not edit this line.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Start box configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext']
-- The wikitext for the icon shown at the top of the template.
cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] = '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]'

-- cfg['template-namespace-heading']
-- The heading shown in the template namespace.
cfg['template-namespace-heading'] = 'Template documentation'

-- cfg['module-namespace-heading']
-- The heading shown in the module namespace.
cfg['module-namespace-heading'] = 'Module documentation'

-- cfg['file-namespace-heading']
-- The heading shown in the file namespace.
cfg['file-namespace-heading'] = 'Summary'

-- cfg['other-namespaces-heading']
-- The heading shown in other namespaces.
cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] = 'Documentation'

-- cfg['view-link-display']
-- The text to display for "view" links.
cfg['view-link-display'] = 'view'

-- cfg['edit-link-display']
-- The text to display for "edit" links.
cfg['edit-link-display'] = 'edit'

-- cfg['history-link-display']
-- The text to display for "history" links.
cfg['history-link-display'] = 'history'

-- cfg['purge-link-display']
-- The text to display for "purge" links.
cfg['purge-link-display'] = 'purge'

-- cfg['create-link-display']
-- The text to display for "create" links.
cfg['create-link-display'] = 'create'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Link box (end box) configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['transcluded-from-blurb']
-- Notice displayed when the docs are transcluded from another page. $1 is a wikilink to that page.
cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] = 'The above [[w:Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is [[mw:Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.'

--[[
-- cfg['create-module-doc-blurb']
-- Notice displayed in the module namespace when the documentation subpage does not exist.
-- $1 is a link to create the documentation page with the preload cfg['module-preload'] and the
-- display cfg['create-link-display'].
--]]
cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] = 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Scribunto module]].'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Experiment blurb configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- cfg['experiment-blurb-template']
-- cfg['experiment-blurb-module']
-- The experiment blurb is the text inviting editors to experiment in sandbox and test cases pages.
-- It is only shown in the template and module namespaces. With the default English settings, it
-- might look like this:
--
-- Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages.
--
-- In this example, "sandbox", "edit", "diff", "testcases", and "edit" would all be links.
--
-- There are two versions, cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] and cfg['experiment-blurb-module'], depending
-- on what namespace we are in.
--
-- Parameters:
--
-- $1 is a link to the sandbox page. If the sandbox exists, it is in the following format:
--
-- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] | cfg['compare-link-display'])
--
-- If the sandbox doesn't exist, it is in the format:
--
-- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] | cfg['mirror-link-display'])
--
-- The link for cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] link preloads the page with cfg['template-sandbox-preload']
-- or cfg['module-sandbox-preload'], depending on the current namespace. The link for cfg['mirror-link-display']
-- loads a default edit summary of cfg['mirror-edit-summary'].
--
-- $2 is a link to the test cases page. If the test cases page exists, it is in the following format:
--
-- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] | cfg['testcases-run-link-display'])
--
-- If the test cases page doesn't exist, it is in the format:
--
-- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-create-link-display'])
--
-- If the test cases page doesn't exist, the link for cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] preloads the
-- page with cfg['template-testcases-preload'] or cfg['module-testcases-preload'], depending on the current
-- namespace.
--]]
cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] = "Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages."
cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] = "Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages."

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Sandbox link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['sandbox-subpage']
-- The name of the template subpage typically used for sandboxes.
cfg['sandbox-subpage'] = 'sandbox'

-- cfg['template-sandbox-preload']
-- Preload file for template sandbox pages.
cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'

-- cfg['module-sandbox-preload']
-- Preload file for Lua module sandbox pages.
cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox'

-- cfg['sandbox-link-display']
-- The text to display for "sandbox" links.
cfg['sandbox-link-display'] = 'sandbox'

-- cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display']
-- The text to display for sandbox "edit" links.
cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] = 'edit'

-- cfg['sandbox-create-link-display']
-- The text to display for sandbox "create" links.
cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] = 'create'

-- cfg['compare-link-display']
-- The text to display for "compare" links.
cfg['compare-link-display'] = 'diff'

-- cfg['mirror-edit-summary']
-- The default edit summary to use when a user clicks the "mirror" link. $1 is a wikilink to the
-- template page.
cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] = 'Create sandbox version of $1'

-- cfg['mirror-link-display']
-- The text to display for "mirror" links.
cfg['mirror-link-display'] = 'mirror'

-- cfg['mirror-link-preload']
-- The page to preload when a user clicks the "mirror" link.
cfg['mirror-link-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/mirror'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Test cases link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['testcases-subpage']
-- The name of the template subpage typically used for test cases.
cfg['testcases-subpage'] = 'testcases'

-- cfg['template-testcases-preload']
-- Preload file for template test cases pages.
cfg['template-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases'

-- cfg['module-testcases-preload']
-- Preload file for Lua module test cases pages.
cfg['module-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases'

-- cfg['testcases-link-display']
-- The text to display for "testcases" links.
cfg['testcases-link-display'] = 'testcases'

-- cfg['testcases-edit-link-display']
-- The text to display for test cases "edit" links.
cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] = 'edit'

-- cfg['testcases-run-link-display']
-- The text to display for test cases "run" links.
cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run'

-- cfg['testcases-create-link-display']
-- The text to display for test cases "create" links.
cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] = 'create'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Add categories blurb configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- cfg['add-categories-blurb']
-- Text to direct users to add categories to the /doc subpage. Not used if the "content" or
-- "docname fed" arguments are set, as then it is not clear where to add the categories. $1 is a
-- link to the /doc subpage with a display value of cfg['doc-link-display'].
--]]
cfg['add-categories-blurb'] = 'Add categories to the $1 subpage.'

-- cfg['doc-link-display']
-- The text to display when linking to the /doc subpage.
cfg['doc-link-display'] = '/doc'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Subpages link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- cfg['subpages-blurb']
-- The "Subpages of this template" blurb. $1 is a link to the main template's subpages with a
-- display value of cfg['subpages-link-display']. In the English version this blurb is simply
-- the link followed by a period, and the link display provides the actual text.
--]]
cfg['subpages-blurb'] = '$1.'

--[[
-- cfg['subpages-link-display']
-- The text to display for the "subpages of this page" link. $1 is cfg['template-pagetype'],
-- cfg['module-pagetype'] or cfg['default-pagetype'], depending on whether the current page is in
-- the template namespace, the module namespace, or another namespace.
--]]
cfg['subpages-link-display'] = 'Subpages of this $1'

-- cfg['template-pagetype']
-- The pagetype to display for template pages.
cfg['template-pagetype'] = 'template'

-- cfg['module-pagetype']
-- The pagetype to display for Lua module pages.
cfg['module-pagetype'] = 'module'

-- cfg['default-pagetype']
-- The pagetype to display for pages other than templates or Lua modules.
cfg['default-pagetype'] = 'page'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Doc link configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['doc-subpage']
-- The name of the subpage typically used for documentation pages.
cfg['doc-subpage'] = 'doc'

-- cfg['docpage-preload']
-- Preload file for template documentation pages in all namespaces.
cfg['docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload'

-- cfg['module-preload']
-- Preload file for Lua module documentation pages.
cfg['module-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- HTML and CSS configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['templatestyles']
-- The name of the TemplateStyles page where CSS is kept.
-- Sandbox CSS will be at Module:Documentation/sandbox/styles.css when needed.
cfg['templatestyles'] = 'Module:Documentation/styles.css'

-- cfg['container']
-- Class which can be used to set flex or grid CSS on the
-- two child divs documentation and documentation-metadata
cfg['container'] = 'documentation-container'

-- cfg['main-div-classes']
-- Classes added to the main HTML "div" tag.
cfg['main-div-classes'] = 'documentation'

-- cfg['main-div-heading-class']
-- Class for the main heading for templates and modules and assoc. talk spaces
cfg['main-div-heading-class'] = 'documentation-heading'

-- cfg['start-box-class']
-- Class for the start box
cfg['start-box-class'] = 'documentation-startbox'

-- cfg['start-box-link-classes']
-- Classes used for the [view][edit][history] or [create] links in the start box.
-- mw-editsection-like is per [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 117]]
cfg['start-box-link-classes'] = 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks'

-- cfg['end-box-class']
-- Class for the end box.
cfg['end-box-class'] = 'documentation-metadata'

-- cfg['end-box-plainlinks']
-- Plainlinks
cfg['end-box-plainlinks'] = 'plainlinks'

-- cfg['toolbar-class']
-- Class added for toolbar links.
cfg['toolbar-class'] = 'documentation-toolbar'

-- cfg['clear']
-- Just used to clear things.
cfg['clear'] = 'documentation-clear'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking category configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- cfg['display-strange-usage-category']
-- Set to true to enable output of cfg['strange-usage-category'] if the module is used on a /doc subpage
-- or a /testcases subpage. This should be a boolean value (either true or false).
cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] = true

-- cfg['strange-usage-category']
-- Category to output if cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] is set to true and the module is used on a
-- /doc subpage or a /testcases subpage.
cfg['strange-usage-category'] = 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage'

--[[
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End configuration
--
-- Don't edit anything below this line.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

return cfg

Android OS

2025-03-28T19:16:09Z

Luke: /* Android 1.1 */ rm empty reference

[[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)|Android]] is a widely used operating system used by nearly all non-[[Wikipedia:IOS|Apple]] smartphones, including [[Wikipedia:Google Pixel|Google Pixel]], [[Wikipedia:Samsung Galaxy|Samsung Galaxy]], and many more. (Side note, Samsung Galaxy does run on [[Wikipedia:One UI|One UI]] but is still powered by Android)

==UPDATE HISTORY==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Internal codename<ref name="Codenames">{{Cite web |title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers |url=https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |access-date=June 1, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122032/https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Version number(s)
! [[API]] level
! Release date
! Latest security patch date<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android Security Bulletins |url=https://source.android.com/security/bulletin |access-date=February 8, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134818/https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Latest [[Google Play Services]] version<ref>{{cite web |title=Google System Release Notes |url=https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513094036/https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |url-status=live }}</ref> (release date)
|-
| [[Android 1.0]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{Version|o|1.0}}
| 1
| September 23, 2008
| rowspan="18" {{N/A}}
| rowspan="7" {{N/A}}
|-
| [[Android 1.1]]
| Petit Four
| {{Version|o|1.1}}
| 2
| February 9, 2009
|-
| [[Android Cupcake]]
| Cupcake
| {{Version|o|1.5}}
| 3
| April 27, 2009
|-
| [[Android Donut]]
| Donut
| {{Version|o|1.6}}
| 4
| September 15, 2009
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Eclair]]
| rowspan="3" | Eclair
| {{Version|o|2.0}}
| 5
| October 27, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.0.1}}
| 6
| December 3, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.1}}
| 7
| January 11, 2010<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |title=Android 2.1 SDK |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Android Froyo]]
| Froyo
| {{Version|o|2.2 – 2.2.3}}
| 8
| May 20, 2010
| 3.2.25 (October 2014)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Gingerbread]]
| rowspan="2" | Gingerbread
| {{Version|o|2.3 – 2.3.2}}
| 9
| December 6, 2010
| rowspan="5" | 10.0.84 (November 2016)
|-
| {{Version|o|2.3.3 – 2.3.7}}
| 10
| February 9, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Honeycomb]]
| rowspan="3" | Honeycomb
| {{Version|o|3.0}}
| 11
| February 22, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.1}}
| 12
| May 10, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.2 – 3.2.6}}
| 13
| July 15, 2011
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich]]
| rowspan="2" | Ice Cream Sandwich
| {{Version|o|4.0 – 4.0.2}}
| 14
| October 18, 2011
| rowspan="2" | 14.8.49 (February 2019)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.0.3 – 4.0.4}}
| 15
| December 16, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Jelly Bean]]
| rowspan="3" | Jelly Bean
| {{Version|o|4.1 – 4.1.2}}
| 16
| July 9, 2012
| rowspan="3" | 21.33.56 (September 2021)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.2 – 4.2.2}}
| 17
| November 13, 2012
|-
| {{Version|o|4.3 – 4.3.1}}
| 18
| July 24, 2013
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android KitKat]]
| rowspan="2" | Key Lime Pie
| {{Version|o|4.4 – 4.4.4}}
| 19
| October 31, 2013
| October 2017
| rowspan="2" | 23.30.13 (August 2023)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.4W – 4.4W.2}}
| 20
| June 25, 2014
| {{dunno}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Lollipop]]
| rowspan="2" | Lemon Meringue Pie
| {{Version|o|5.0 – 5.0.2}}
| 21
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 2017
| rowspan="2" |24.28.35 (August 2024)
|-
| {{Version|o|5.1 – 5.1.1}}
| 22
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134720/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| March 2018
|-
| [[Android Marshmallow]]
| Macadamia Nut Cookie
| {{Version|o|6.0 – 6.0.1}}
| 23
| September 29, 2015<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134721/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 2018
| rowspan="13" |25.09.33 (March 2025)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Nougat]]
| rowspan="2" | New York Cheesecake
| {{Version|o|7.0}}
| 24
| August 22, 2016
| August 2019
|-
| {{Version|o|7.1 – 7.1.2}}
| 25
| October 4, 2016
| October 2019
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Oreo]]
| rowspan="2" | Oatmeal Cookie
| {{Version|o|8.0}}
| 26
| August 21, 2017
| January 2021
|-
| {{Version|o|8.1}}
| 27
| December 5, 2017
| October 2021
|-
| [[Android Pie]]
| Pistachio Ice Cream<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Steven |title=Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134820/https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|9}}
| 28
| August 6, 2018
| January 2022
|-
| [[Android 10]]
| Quince Tart<ref name="VergeQR">{{cite web |last1=Gartenberg |first1=Chaim |title=Even Android 11 is cake |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |website=The Verge |date=July 23, 2020 |publisher=Vox Media, LLC |access-date=July 27, 2021 |quote=Burke revealed last year that Android Q had been internally known as "Quince Tart" |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217230719/https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|10}}
| 29
| September 3, 2019
| February 2023
|-
| [[Android 11]]
| Red Velvet Cake<ref name="VergeQR"/>
| {{Version|o|11}}
| 30
| September 8, 2020
| February 2024
|-
| [[Android 12]]
| Snow Cone
| {{Version|co|12}}
| 31
| October 4, 2021
| rowspan="5" | March 2025
|-
| [[Android 12L]]
| Snow Cone v2
| {{version|co|12.1}}{{efn|name=A12.1|12L launched as part of the March 2022 security update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates display the version as 12.1.<ref name="FactoryImages">{{cite web |access-date=March 31, 2022 |title=Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices |url=https://developers.google.com/android/images |website=Google Developers |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151606/https://developers.google.com/android/images |url-status=live }}</ref> The device's about page will still show the Android version as 12.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Ron |last1=Amadeo |access-date=2023-03-08 |title=Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |date=March 7, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307232151/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| 32
| March 7, 2022
|-
| [[Android 13]]
| Tiramisu
| {{Version|co|13}}
| 33
| August 15, 2022
|-
| [[Android 14]]
| Upside Down Cake<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Android 14 gets official internal codename… Upside Down Cake |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=[[9to5Google]] |date=April 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134822/https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|co|14}}
| 34
| October 4, 2023
|-
| [[Android 15]]
| Vanilla Ice Cream<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cantisano |first1=Timi |title=Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream' |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[XDA Developers]] |date=3 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427135948/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|c|15}}
| 35
| September 3, 2024
|-
| [[Android 16]]
| Baklava<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCullough |first1=Matthew |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=18 November 2024 |archive-date=November 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121185224/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|cp|16}} Beta 3<ref name="A16RN">{{cite web |title=Release notes |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |website=Android Developers |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=19 November 2024 |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125091646/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 36
| March 13, 2025<ref name="A16RN" />
| March 2025<ref name="A16RN" />
| 25.07.33 (February 2025)<ref name="A16RN" />
|-
| colspan="7" | {{Version|l|show=111110}}
|}

==More Info==
=== Android 1.0 ===
{{anchor|Android 1.0|Android 1|1.0}}

Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morrill |first=Dan |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=September 23, 2008 |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |access-date=January 12, 2011 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512135036/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first commercially available Android device was the [[HTC Dream]].<ref name=HTC>{{cite news |publisher=T-Mobile |url=http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |access-date=October 15, 2013 |title=T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016001926/http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |archive-date=October 16, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.0 (API 1)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.0
| September 23, 2008
|
* [[Android Market]], allowing application downloads and updates through the Market application.
* [[Web browser]] to show, zoom and pan full [[HTML]] and [[XHTML]] web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards").<ref name="Engadget">{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |title=T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |publisher=Engadget |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231733/https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0">{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/a/android.com/opensource/release-features---android-1-0 |title=Release features – Android 1.0 |year=2008 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=September 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919041651/https://www.google.com/a/android.com/ServiceLogin?service=jotspot&passive=1209600&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&ul=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone">{{cite news |publisher=PC Magazine |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |title=T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone) |first=Sascha |last=Segan |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=February 6, 2013 |archive-date=May 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530160849/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |title=Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them |publisher=Android Authority |first=Darcy |last=LaCouvee |date=October 17, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518172012/http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Access to web email servers, supporting [[POP3]], [[IMAP4]], and [[SMTP]].<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* [[Gmail]] synchronization with the Gmail application.
* [[Google Contacts]] synchronization with the People application.
* [[Google Calendar]] synchronization with the Calendar application.
* [[Google Maps]] with [[Google Street View|Street View]] to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using [[GPS]].<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* [[Google Sync]], allowing management of [[Over the Air|over-the-air]] synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar.
* [[Google Search]], allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.
* [[Google Talk]] instant messaging.
* [[Instant messaging]], [[text messaging]], and MMS.
* [[Media player (application software)|Media Player]], enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo [[Bluetooth]] support.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.<ref name="Engadget"/><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |title=Status Bar Notifications |publisher=Android Developers |date=May 24, 2012 |access-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613233007/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets.
* [[YouTube]] video player.<ref name="Android for Dummies">{{cite web |url=http://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |title=What is Android? |date=September 18, 2008 |publisher=TechPluto.com |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023184321/https://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.
* [[Wi-Fi]] and Bluetooth support.
|}

=== Android 1.1 ===
{{anchor|Android 1.1}}

On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as "[[Petit four|Petit Four]]" internally, though this name was not used officially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Platform Overview |url=http://source.android.com/source/overview.html |publisher=Android Source |access-date=September 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922202532/https://source.android.com/source/overview.html|archive-date=September 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The update resolved bugs, changed the Android [[Application programming interface|API]] and added a number of features:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |title=Android 1.1 Version Notes |date=February 2009 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=April 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221194031/https://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |archive-date=February 21, 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.1 (API 2)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.1
| February 9, 2009
|
* Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps.
* Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad.
* Ability to save attachments in messages.
* Support added for marquee in system layouts.
|}

=== Android 1.5 Cupcake ===
{{Main|Android Cupcake}}
{{anchor|Android 1.5|Android Cupcake|Cupcake|1.5}}

On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on [[Linux kernel]] 2.6.27.<ref name="cupcake-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |title=Android 1.5 is here! |date=April 27, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=September 3, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095047/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rob |first=Jackson |title=CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK! |date=April 30, 2009 |url=http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |publisher=Phandroid |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504130749/http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme used for all releases until [[Android 9 Pie|Android Pie]], with [[Android 10]] and later using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:<ref name="cupcake-highlights">{{cite web |date=April 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |title=Android 1.5 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901200518/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.5
| April 27, 2009<ref name="cupcake-is-here"/>
|
* Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words.
* Support for [[Widget engine|Widgets]] – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |title=App Widgets |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |access-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024060808/https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Video recording and playback in [[MPEG-4]] and 3GP formats.
* Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles).
* Copy and paste features in web browser.
* User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts.
* Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event.
* Animated screen transitions.
* Auto-rotation option.
* New stock boot animation.
* Ability to upload videos to YouTube.
* Ability to upload photos to [[Picasa]].
* Ability to check phone usage history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/ |title=Phone Usage History |publisher=101 Android |year=2017|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-date=February 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223191108/https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 1.6 Donut ===
{{Main|Android Donut}}
{{anchor|Android 1.6|Android Donut|Donut|1.6}}

On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.<ref name="Word-highlights" /><ref name="Word-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |title=Android 1.6 SDK is here |date=September 15, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095011/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Paul |title=Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2 |date=October 1, 2009 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |work=Ars Technica |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002105348/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |archive-date=October 2, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Included in the update were numerous new features:<ref name="Word-highlights">{{cite web |title=Android 1.6 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |date=September 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430191552/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.6
| September 15, 2009<ref name="Word-is-here"/>
|
* Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web.
* Ability for developers to include their content in search results.
* Multi-lingual [[speech synthesis]] engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text.
* Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market.
* Gallery, Camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access.
* Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion.
* Updated technology support for [[IS-95|CDMA]]/[[Evolution-Data Optimized|EVDO]], [[IEEE 802.1X|802.1x]], [[virtual private network|VPNs]], and a text-to-speech engine.
* Support for [[Wide VGA|WVGA]] screen resolutions.
* Speed improvements in searching and camera applications.
* Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.
|}

=== Android 2.0 Eclair ===
{{Main|Android Eclair}}
{{Anchor|Android 2.0|Android Eclair|Eclair|Android 2|2.0}}

On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed [[Éclair|Eclair]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |title=Android 2.0, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes include the ones listed below.<ref name="eclair-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |title=Android 2.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0
| October 27, 2009<ref name="android-developers.googleblog.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |title=Announcing Android 2.0 support in the SDK! |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031125134/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts.
* [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page.
* Bluetooth 2.1 support.
* Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person.
* Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached.
* Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus.
* Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions.
* Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for [[HTML5]].
* Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events.
* Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI.
* Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio.
* Improved [[Google Maps]] 3.1.2.
* MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 2.0 API Changes Summary |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html#api-changes |access-date=March 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Force Touch|Pressure-sensitive touch]] support in [[application programming interface|API]], even though no according hardware existed at that time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Force Touch? Android has had that for years |url=https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |website=Pocketnow |access-date=June 13, 2021 |date=September 7, 2015 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MotionEvent § getPressure() |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.
|}

==== Android 2.0.1 Eclair ====
{{anchor|Android 2.0.1|2.0.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0.1
| December 3, 2009<ref name = "2.0.1 SDK">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |title=Android 2.0.1, Release 1 SDK |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115003947/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |archive-date=January 15, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.
|}

==== Android 2.1 Eclair ====
{{anchor|Android 2.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.1
| January 11, 2010<ref name="2.1 SDK">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |title=Android 2.1, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114194657/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |archive-date=January 14, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|
* Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes.
|}

=== Android 2.2 Froyo ===
{{Main|Android Froyo}}
{{anchor|Android 2.2|Android Froyo|Froyo|2.2}}

On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for [[frozen yogurt]]) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.<ref name="froyo-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |work=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.2 and developers goodies |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512013526/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.2
| May 20, 2010
|
* Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |title=Unofficially Confirmed Froyo Features, Post-Day-1 Of Google I/O |date=May 20, 2010 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501015836/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Additional application speed improvements, implemented through [[Just-in-time compilation|JIT compilation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |title=Nexus One Is Running Android 2.2 Froyo. How Fast Is It Compared To 2.1? Oh, Only About 450% Faster |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801040059/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Integration of [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]'s [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8 JavaScript engine]] into the Browser application.
* Support for the [[Android Cloud to Device Messaging]] (C2DM) service, enabling [[Push technology|push notifications]].
* Improved [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harbor |title=Android now fully supports Exchange |url=https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |website=harborcomputerservices.net |access-date=September 11, 2010 |date=June 29, 2010 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135753/https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications.
* USB tethering and [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] functionality<ref name="wired sorrel 2010">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |title=Android 2.2 'Froyo' Features USB, Wi-Fi Tethering |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=May 13, 2010 |access-date=February 14, 2013 |author=Sorrel, Charlie |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106224423/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Option to disable data access over a mobile network.
* Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features"/>
* Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries.
* Support for [[Bluetooth]]-enabled car and desk docks.
* Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords.
* Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |title=Browser support for file upload field is coming in Froyo |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320120623/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only.
* Support for installing applications to expandable memory.
* [[Adobe Flash]] support.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |title=Google's Andy Rubin on Everything Android |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Brad |last=Stone |date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430192951/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Support for high-[[Pixel density|PPI]] displays (up to 320 ppi), such as four-inch [[720p]] screens.<ref name="multiple-screens">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 8, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.
|-
| 2.2.1
| September 27, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135742/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements.
|-
| 2.2.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135743/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the [[Nexus One]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |title=Nexus One gets tiny update to Android 2.2.2, fixes SMS routing issues |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/22/nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms/ |access-date=November 17, 2011 |publisher=Engadget |date=January 22, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135748/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-01-22-nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms.html%26tbla_id%3Db8801a67-ee65-488a-8ce7-a9677f4e6876-tuctc9d6ddb%26gam_id%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1DUm1OUC5sRTJ1RTdhelFfNDJjT1g3R3BabVlwZGJIQX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-9B3bUgFE2uLe_tF8l4JDw9mOQ_CWu5.o%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2.2.3
| November 21, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.2.3 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173218/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Two security updates.
|}

=== Android 2.3 Gingerbread ===
{{Main|Android Gingerbread}}
{{anchor|Android 2.3|Gingerbread|Android Gingerbread|2.3}}

On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.<ref name="gingerbread-highlights" /><ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |publisher=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |access-date=December 7, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101227190245/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |archive-date=December 27, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes included:<ref name="gingerbread-highlights">{{cite web |date=December 6, 2010 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |title=Android 2.3 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=December 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101210235053/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |archive-date=December 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3
| December 6, 2010<ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog" />
|
* Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed.
* Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions ([[WXGA (graphics)|WXGA]] and higher).<ref name="multiple-screens"/>
* Native support for [[Session Initiation Protocol|SIP]] [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] internet telephones.
* Faster, more intuitive text input on a virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode.
* Enhanced [[cut, copy, and paste|copy/paste]] functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-holding, copying, and pasting.
* Support for [[Near Field Communication]] (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement.
* New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost.
* New [[Download Manager]], giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application.
* Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available.
* Support for [[WebM]]/VP8 video playback, and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio encoding.
* Improved [[power management]] with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long.
* Enhanced support for native code development.
* Switched from [[YAFFS]] to [[ext4]] on newer devices.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |title=Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread |publisher=Linux Foundation |first=Theodore |last=Ts'o |date=December 12, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528064125/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |archive-date=May 28, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |title=Saving Data Safely |author=Tim Bray |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=December 19, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727234704/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers.
* Concurrent [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] for increased performance.
* Native support for more sensors (such as [[gyroscope]]s and [[barometer]]s).
* First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.
|-
| 2.3.1
| December 22, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135846/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
|-
| 2.3.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135758/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
|}

==== Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread ====
{{Anchor|Android 2.3.3|2.3.3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3.3
| February 9, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform, New NFC Capabilities |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Several improvements and API fixes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform |publisher=Android Developers |year=2011|access-date=November 19, 2012|archive-date=June 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613232731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2.3.4
| April 28, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.3.4 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929174948/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Support for voice or video chat using [[Google Talk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |title=Video Chat on Your Android Phone |date=April 28, 2011 |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |access-date=April 18, 2013 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128144225/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Accessory Library 2.3.4 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=August 3, 2012 |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805081044/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Abhijoy |url=http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |title=Is it Java that weakened Android's SSL security? |publisher=Muktware |date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-date=October 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026181842/http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |title=Why Android SSL was downgraded from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5 in late 2010 |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=op-co.de |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105221353/http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Fixed a spontaneous reboot on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
|-
| 2.3.5
| July 25, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improved network performance for the [[Nexus S]] 4G, among other fixes and improvements.
* Fixed a Bluetooth bug on [[Samsung Galaxy S (2010 smartphone)|Samsung Galaxy S]].
* Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
* Improved the Gmail application.
* Shadow animations for list scrolling.
* Camera software enhancements.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arghire |first=Ionut |title=Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |publisher=Softpedia.com |access-date=December 1, 2011 |archive-date=December 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204034344/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved battery efficiency.
|-
| 2.3.6
| September 2, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |title=Nexus S Ushers-In Android 2.3.6, But Does It Fix Or Cause Bugs? |publisher=pocketnow |date=September 2, 2011 |access-date=August 4, 2014 |author=Stephen Schenck |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017014023/http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
* Fixed a voice search bug.{{Efn|The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |title=Android 2.3.6 Gingerbread Update For Nexus S Available (Wi-Fi And Tethering Fix) |publisher=Addictive Tips |date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Ali Waqas |archive-date=December 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212004046/http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |title=Google Samsung Nexus S Gets Android 2.3.6 Update |publisher=PocketNow |date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Anton D. Nagy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230132748/http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |archive-date=December 30, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|-
| 2.3.7
| September 21, 2011
|
* [[Google Wallet]] support for the Nexus S 4G.
|}

=== Android 3.0 Honeycomb ===
{{Main|Android Honeycomb}}
{{Anchor|Android 3.0|Android Honeycomb|Honeycomb|Android 3|3.0}}

On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first [[tablet computer|tablet]]-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.<ref name="honeycomb-highlights"/><ref name="honeycomb-sneak-peek">{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |title=A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb |first=Andy |last=Rubin |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110108061358/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |archive-date=January 8, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="3.0-release">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |title=Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |author=Xavier Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=February 22, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110305143408/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |archive-date=March 5, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |title=Google's Android Event Analysis |author=Mithun Chandrasekhar |publisher=AnandTech |date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |quote=I confirmed this with Google; Honeycomb, at least in the current form, will not be coming to non-tablet devices. |archive-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205210127/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first device featuring this version, the [[Motorola Xoom]] tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa/ |title=Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2 |author=Nilay Patel |publisher=Engadget |date=January 26, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-date=February 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204085801/http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa? |url-status=live }}</ref> The update's features included:<ref name="honeycomb-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |title=Android 3.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216200154/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |archive-date=February 16, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.0
| February 22, 2011<ref name="3.0-release"/>
|
* Optimized tablet support with a new "holographic" user interface (removed again the following year with version 4.2).<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* New Easter egg, an image of a [[Tron]]-themed bumblebee.
* Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen.
* Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen.
* Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another.
* Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
* Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface.
* Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new "incognito" mode allowing somewhat anonymous browsing.
* Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features.
* Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos.
* New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts.
* New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages.
* Hardware acceleration.
* Support for [[multi-core processor]]s.
* Ability to encrypt all user data.
* HTTPS stack improved with [[Server Name Indication]] (SNI).
* [[Filesystem in Userspace]] (FUSE; kernel module).
* Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat">{{cite web |last=Ho |first=Joshua |title=Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4 |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |work=Anandtech |access-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328131328/http://anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="androidpolice-sdcards">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |title=External Blues: Google Has Brought Big Changes To SD Cards In KitKat, And Even Samsung Is Implementing Them |date=February 17, 2014 |author=Cody Toombs |access-date=February 20, 2014 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221100831/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 3.1 Honeycomb ====
{{anchor|Android 3.1|3.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.1
| May 10, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |title=Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools |date=May 10, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=May 10, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511072447/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* UI refinements.
* Connectivity for USB accessories ([[USB On-The-Go]]).
* Expanded Recent Applications list.
* Resizable Home screen widgets.
* Support for external keyboards and pointing devices.
* Support for joysticks and gamepads.
* Support for [[FLAC]] audio playback.<ref name="Android-Media-Formats">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |title=Android Supported Media Formats |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=March 30, 2012 |archive-date=March 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311121312/http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |title=Issue 1461 – Android – FLAC file support enhancement request. |access-date=August 5, 2011 |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410001003/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off.
* Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.
|}

==== Android 3.2 Honeycomb ====
{{anchor|Android 3.2|3.2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.2
| July 15, 2011<ref name="Ducrohet">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |title=Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools |date=July 15, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090730/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets.
* Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization.
* Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions.
* New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.<ref name="Android Developers">{{cite web |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2 |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |access-date=February 18, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 3.2.1
| September 20, 2011
|
* Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements.
* Update to [[Android Market]] with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text.
* Update to [[Google Books]].
* Improved [[Adobe Flash]] support in browser.
* Improved [[Chinese language|Chinese]] handwriting prediction.
|-
| 3.2.2
| September 30, 2011
|
* Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G.
|-
| 3.2.4
| December 15, 2011
|
* Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.
|-
| 3.2.6
| February 15, 2012
|
* Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of Airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom.
|}

=== Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich ===
{{Main|Android Ice Cream Sandwich}}
{{anchor|Android 4.0|Ice Cream Sandwich|Android Ice Cream Sandwich|Android 4|4.0}}

The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,<ref>{{cite web |last=Maroger |title=Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1 |url=http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |publisher=[[Blogspot]] |work=Fine Oils |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926170532/http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was publicly released on October 19, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available |publisher=Social Barrel |first=Francis |last=Rey |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908152338/http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |title=Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too) |publisher=Engadget |first=Tim |last=Stevens |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825184314/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[source code]] for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |title=Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable |publisher=AndroidGuys |first=Vincent |last=Messina |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922033259/http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support [[Adobe Systems]]' [[Flash player#Mobile platforms|Flash player]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |title=Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android |publisher=WebProNews |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130212639/http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> The update introduced numerous new features:<ref name="ics-release">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/18/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore |publisher=Engadget |first=Brad |last=Molen |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141807/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-10-18-android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official.html%26tbla_id%3D291617d0-ae7b-4f64-a3ab-2d9c87337e65-tuctc9d729d%26gam_id%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1xMElGWXRORTJ1RWJBTHF3SFM2Tl9kRWV1bVE4cnB0b35B%26ydsp%3Dy-sZGCizFE2uJUefsPeUXcKYwdxKNrsV3C%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-19736_7-20122331-251/ice-cream-sandwich-adds-tons-of-new-features/?tag=mncol;txt |title=Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features |publisher=CNET |first=Kent |last=German |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |title=A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown |publisher=Tech Crunch |first=Chris |last=Velazco |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728060204/http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0
| October 18, 2011<ref name="ics-release"/>
|
* Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with the new [[Roboto]] font family.
* Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones.
* Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications.
* Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style.
* Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages.
* Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the Calendar.
* Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons).
* Improved error correction on the keyboard.
* Ability to access applications directly from the [[lock screen]].
* Improved copy-and-paste functionality.
* Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech-to-text dictation.
* Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using [[facial recognition software]].<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks.
* Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded.
* Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |title=What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List? |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Jason |date=August 20, 2013 |publisher=How-To Geek |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-date=October 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015200044/http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording.
* Built-in photo editor.
* New gallery layout, organized by location and person.
* Refreshed the "People" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images.
* [[Android Beam]], a [[near-field communication]] feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Support for the [[WebP]] image format.<ref name="Android-Media-Formats" />
* Hardware acceleration of the UI.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration |publisher=Phandroid |first=Quentyn |last=Kennemer |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=October 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021022202/http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Wi-Fi Direct]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |title=Wi-Fi Direct |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=July 27, 2013 |archive-date=August 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817042707/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[1080p]] video recording for stock Android devices.
* Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.
|-
| 4.0.1
| October 19, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
|-
| 4.0.2
| November 28, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.{{Efn|For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the [[Near-field communication|NFC]] capabilities of the Nexus phone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |title=Verizon's 4G LTE Galaxy Nexus Gets Pictured, Receives Android 4.0.2 Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=November 28, 2011 |access-date=December 8, 2011 |archive-date=December 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207015154/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |title=Within 2 Hours of Activation, Your Galaxy Nexus Will Receive an Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215185645/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|}

==== Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich ====
{{anchor|Android 4.0.3|4.0.3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0.3
| December 16, 2011<ref name=ICS16Dec2011>[http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719073950/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |date=July 19, 2014 }}. Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.</ref>
|
* Numerous bug fixes and optimizations.
* Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality.
* New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider.
* Calendar provider enhancements.
* New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and [[Quarter Video Graphics Array|QVGA]] resolution.
* Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |title=Android 4.0.3 announced, bringing 'variety of optimizations and bug fixes' to phones and tablets |publisher=Engadget |date=December 16, 2011 |access-date=December 17, 2011 |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102083750/http://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.0.4
| March 28, 2012
|
* Stability improvements.
* Better camera performance.
* Smoother screen rotation.
* Improved phone number recognition.<ref name=ICS29mar2012>[https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329020144/https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 |date=March 29, 2012 }}. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.</ref>
|}

=== Android 4.1 Jelly Bean ===
{{Main|Android Jelly Bean}}
{{anchor|Jelly Bean|Project Butter|Android 4.1|Android Jelly Bean|4.1}}

Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the [[Google I/O]] conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter", which uses touch anticipation, [[Multiple buffering|triple buffering]], extended [[vsync (computing)|vsync]] timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 [[framerate|fps]] to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /> Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the [[Android Open Source Project]] on July 9, 2012,<ref>{{cite web |last=Queru |first=Jean-Baptiste |title=Android 4.1 in AOSP |url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |access-date=July 12, 2012 |archive-date=January 22, 2011 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110122130054/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)|Nexus 7]] tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.1
| July 9, 2012
|
* Smoother user interface:
** Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh.
** Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline.
** CPU input boost.
** Synchronizing touch to vsync timing.
* Enhanced [[accessibility]].
* Bi-directional text and other language support.
* User-installable keyboard maps.
* Expandable notifications.
* TLS v1.1 and v1.2 support added.
* Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis.
* Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens.
* Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam.
* Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.<ref name="android41-differentlayouts">{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes |url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |publisher=ComputerWorld |access-date=July 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119012034/http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Improved camera application.
* Multichannel audio.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |title=Android 4.1 for Developers |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 9, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The [[Fraunhofer FDK AAC]] codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding.
* USB audio (for external sound [[Digital-to-analog converter|DACs]]).<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" />
* Audio chaining (also known as [[gapless playback]]).<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |title=Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files |access-date=November 12, 2012 |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525015225/http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |title=Android 4.1 finally adds gapless music playback to stock music apps |publisher=Pocketables.com |date=June 29, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110090332/http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.
|-
| 4.1.1
| July 9, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141825/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in applications.
|-
| 4.1.2
| October 9, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.1.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521093052/http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 |date=May 21, 2013 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.</ref>
|
* Lock/home screen rotation support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |title=Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices |publisher=GigaOM |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011120521/http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |title=New Feature In Android 4.1.2: Expanding/Collapsing Notifications With One Finger (Video) |publisher=Android Police |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011072628/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bug fixes and performance enhancements.
|}

==== Android 4.2 Jelly Bean ====
{{anchor|Android 4.2|4.2}}

Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in [[New York City]] on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to [[Hurricane Sandy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |title=Monday's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy |publisher=Android Central |date=October 27, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926100214/http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |url-status=live }}</ref> Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan "A new flavor of Jelly Bean". Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google's [[Nexus 4]] and [[Nexus 10]], which were released on November 13, 2012.<ref name="New4.2And">{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |title=Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7 |publisher=Know Your Mobile |date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=November 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117002507/http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |title=Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2 |publisher=IGN |date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141827/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.2
| November 13, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141804/https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere |date=January 14, 2024 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.</ref>
|
* [[Lock screen]] improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014)<ref name="CWnostalgia"/> and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.<ref>[http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030113843/http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 |date=October 30, 2012 }}. TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Notification power controls ("Quick Settings").
* "Daydream" [[screensaver]]s, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to "screen saver" following the launch of the unrelated [[Google Daydream]] VR platform in 2016).<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Multiple user accounts (tablets only).
* Rewritten [[Bluetooth stack]], switching from [[Bluez]] to [[Broadcom]] open source [[BlueDroid]],<ref name="anand1">{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |title=The Next Version of Android – Some of What's Coming |website=anandtech.com |first=Brian |last=Klug |date=May 19, 2013 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122815/http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |url-status=live }}</ref> allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display ([[Miracast]]).
* Native [[right-to-left]], always-on [[Virtual Private Network|VPN]] and application verification.<ref name="aosp-jb1">{{cite web |title=Jelly Bean |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |website=Android developer portal |access-date=July 2, 2014 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A new [[Near field communication|NFC]] stack was added at the same time.<ref name="anand1" />
* Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users.
* New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer.
* All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size.
* Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly.
* [[SELinux]] support.
* Premium [[SMS]] confirmation.<ref name="Android Police 4.2 Alpha Teardown">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021032403/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ |date=October 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Group Messaging support.
* Developer options hidden in settings and can be displayed after tapping the Build number 7 times on About phone.
|-
| 4.2.1
| November 27, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141830/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130085348/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ |date=November 30, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.<ref name="December bug">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121185515/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ |date=November 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
* Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported [[Human interface device|HIDs]] (Human interface devices).
|-
| 4.2.2
| February 11, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.2">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215033526/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ |date=February 15, 2013 }}. Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.</ref>
|
* Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |title=Android 4.2.2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets |publisher=Ars Technica |date=February 12, 2013 |access-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212200213/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state.
* New download notifications, which now show the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads.
* New sounds for wireless charging and low battery.
* New Gallery application animation allows faster loading.
* USB debug whitelist.
* Bug fixes and performance enhancements.
|}

==== Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ====
{{anchor|Android 4.3|4.3}}

Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan "An even sweeter Jelly Bean" on July 24, 2013, during an event in [[San Francisco]] called "Breakfast with [[Sundar Pichai]]". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the [[Nexus 7 (2nd generation)|second-generation Nexus 7]] tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.<ref name=TomsJuly2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |title=Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today |publisher=Tom's Hardware |date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=July 25, 2013 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003112436/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/08/22/aosp-latest-4-3-fixes/ |title=Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware |publisher=[[Engadget]] |date=August 22, 2013 |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141808/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-08-22-aosp-latest-4-3-fixes.html%26tbla_id%3D447fb467-8d25-454f-82ad-98780acfec34-tuctc9d729f%26gam_id%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1iUmlHeE1kRTJ1R2NTSG5tYkhzRnVrU0g3emw0eTEwbX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-SJLpaihE2uLvwgj5B5tUS9dk0wj2wjfR%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.3
| July 24, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3">[https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173309/https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement |date=September 29, 2023 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</ref>
|
* [[Bluetooth Low Energy]] support.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3">[http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html "Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730233815/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html |date=July 30, 2013 }}. Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[AVRCP|Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3]] support.
* [[OpenGL ES#OpenGL ES 3.0|OpenGL ES 3.0]] support, allowing improved game graphics.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Restricted access mode for new user profiles.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Filesystem performance improvement by running the [[Trim (computing)|fstrim]] command while a device is idle.<ref name="EngdtTRIM">[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/30/android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices/ "Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141809/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-30-android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices.html%26tbla_id%3Dd275f044-f810-4e4e-b4b0-2dc43cb31d45-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1tVkZ1LjBWRTJ1RUVpdnJON3h0aEQwTVFoNXdxbUVSc35B%26ydsp%3Dy-nSbl59VE2uIt3s8z8x8Yh7ewOVW.GSw_%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately.
* Improvements to Photo Sphere.<ref name="APPhotosphere">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728065835/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.</ref>
* Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.<ref name="4.3Camera">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728012100/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Addition of "[[App Ops]]", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).<ref name="AppOps">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728063247/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[SELinux]] enabled by default.
* [[4K resolution]] support.<ref name="Engdt4K">[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/26/android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution/ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141812/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-26-android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution.html%26tbla_id%3Dc2fda73b-cf47-40e0-9d41-1f4193094d43-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26dv360%3DeS0yT0hfV1ExRTJ1R19JT2Q2bVpBT2NTX2lEM3JMb2htM35B%26ydsp%3Dy-PNeWeWBE2uIf8ODb9T71tFdeHqMq1QZY%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bug fixes.<ref name="AP4.3">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ "An In-Depth Look At The Big (And Small) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726112508/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ |date=July 26, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.</ref>
* System-level support for [[geo-fence|geofencing]] and Wi-Fi scanning APIs.
* Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off.
* Developer logging and analyzing enhancements.
* Added support for five more languages.
* Changed [[digital rights management]] (DRM) APIs.
* [[Right-to-left]] (RTL) languages now supported.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Clock in the status bar disappears if it is selected as a lockscreen widget.
* Native [[emoji]] support.<ref name="CNet_4.3">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/products/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean/ |title=Google Android 4.3 Jelly Bean Release Date, Price and Specs – CNET |author=Jaymar Cabebe |date=July 25, 2013 |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142319/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean-preview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.3.1
| October 3, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004055112/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ |date=October 4, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.</ref>
|
* Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE.<ref name="4.3.1changelog">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ "Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009005051/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ |date=October 9, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</ref>
|}

=== Android 4.4 KitKat ===
{{Main|Android KitKat}}
{{anchor|KitKat|Android 4.4|Android KitKat|Key Lime Pie|4.4}}

Google announced Android 4.4 [[Kit Kat|KitKat]] on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a [[key lime pie]]."<ref name=KitkatBBC>{{cite news |last=Kelion |first=Leo |title=Android KitKat announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |access-date=September 3, 2013 |work=BBC News |date=September 3, 2013 |archive-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070600/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=TechRadar |url=https://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-5-0-key-lime-pie-release-date-news-and-rumours-1091500 |title=Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142313/https://www.techradar.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> KitKat debuted on Google's [[Nexus 5]] on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google.<ref name="Nexus 5 review">{{cite news |last=Molen |first=Brad |title=Engadget review the Nexus 5 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |publisher=Engadget |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020218/http://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.<ref name="cdd-4.4"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4
| October 31, 2013<ref name="Android 4.4 KitKat">[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031201143/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html |date=October 31, 2013 }}. Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.</ref><ref name="androiddev-44">{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031184317/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue.
* Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
* Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.<ref name="verge-n5handson">{{cite news |title=Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |work=The Verge |author=Bonn, Dieter |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Apps Can Now Go Truly Full-Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2013 |author=David Ruddock |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103011505/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.<ref name="phonearena-overflowgone">{{cite web |title=Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213081334/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Write access disabled for user-installed applications on external storage (i.e. [[MicroSD]]), except for their own directories inside <code>Android/data</code>.<ref>[https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ ''"Got the KitKat SD card blues? Solve the problem with SDFix (root required)"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808155150/https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ |date=August 8, 2021 }} – Android Authority, March 18, 2014 (article includes details of restriction)</ref><ref name="4.4storage">{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/storage/ |title=External Storage | Android Developers |date=May 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509021632/https://source.android.com/devices/storage/|archive-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref>
* Purging of app data directories in user storage (internal user storage and MicroSD) upon uninstallation<ref name="4.4storage"/>
* Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including [[zram|zRAM]] support and "low RAM" device API.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Wireless printing capability.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* NFC [[host card emulation]], enabling a device to replace [[smart card]]s.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* WebViews are now based on the [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] engine (feature parity with [[Google Chrome for Android|Chrome for Android]] 30).
* Expanded functionality for notification listener services.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Public API for developing and managing [[Short Message Service|text messaging]] clients.<ref name="adb-kitkatsms">{{cite web |title=Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Blog |access-date=October 14, 2013 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015024734/http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat"/>
* New framework for UI transitions.
* Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application.
* Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |title=Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110130344/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of [[Android Debug Bridge|ADB]] is required).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |title=How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=January 4, 2014 |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104222416/http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Native [[infrared blaster]] API.
* Verified boot.
* Enforcing [[SELinux]].
* Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level [[closed captioning]] settings.
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) introduced as a new experimental application [[runtime environment]], not enabled by default, as a replacement for the [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] virtual machine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |title=Android Developers: ART and Dalvik |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=March 19, 2015 |website=source.android.com |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315163429/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Message Access Profile|Bluetooth Message Access Profile]] (MAP) support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less |author=David Ruddock |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102201043/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |title=Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps |date=November 2013 |access-date=January 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210214042/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens.
* Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |title=Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation |date=November 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413183216/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |title=Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works |website=code.google.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021095502/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.1
| December 5, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+Nexus/posts/YW8sTPpVN8W |title=Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5 |date=December 5, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Google Plus |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142322/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART).
* Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view.
* Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
|-
| 4.4.2
| December 9, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |title=Android 4.4.2 (KOT49H) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices – Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=December 9, 2013 |author=Artem Russakovskii |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210035532/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Further security enhancements and bug fixes.
* Removal of the "[[App Ops]]" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |title=Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental |date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=December 14, 2013 |author=Peter Eckersley |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213220101/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.3
| June 2, 2014<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142335/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |title=Google releases Android 4.4.3 to Nexus devices |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Ron Amadeo |publisher=Ars Technica |archive-date=June 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603165300/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Refreshed the Dialer app's interface.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |title=Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4.3 |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606052307/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+AndroidDevelopers/posts/EfKRBGm19dT |title=Android 4.4.3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out – Google+ |date=June 3, 2014 |access-date=June 4, 2014 |author=Android Developers |publisher=Android Developers (Google+) |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142315/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
|-
| 4.4.4
| June 19, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |title=Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 19, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621023430/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* [[CVE-2014-0224]] fixed, eliminating an [[OpenSSL]] [[man-in-the-middle attack|man-in-the-middle]] vulnerability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |title=Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 25, 2014 |author=Ryan Whitwam |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=June 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625085901/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions ====
{{Main|Wear OS}}
{{anchor|Android 4.4W|4.4W}}

On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4W<ref name="Wear source code">{{cite web |last1=Rob |first1=Triggs |title=Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP |date=July 22, 2014 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |publisher=Android Authority |access-date=July 22, 2014 |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726221313/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| June 25, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |title=Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014 |author=Andrew Grush |publisher=Android Authority |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |archive-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323025103/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
* Initial release of the Android Wear platform for [[smartwatch]]es: the same as Android 4.4 "KitKat", but with wearable extensions added.
|-
| 4.4W.1
| September 6, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |title=Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4W.1 Build KGW42N: Here's What's New |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119203934/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.
|-
| 4.4W.2
| October 21, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |title=Android Wear 4.4W.2 Build KNX01Q Starts Rolling Out For The LG G Watch, Brings Offline Music And GPS Support (Though You Can't Use The Latter) |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Rita El Khoury |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107131422/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Offline music playback.
* GPS support.
|}

=== Android 5.0 Lollipop ===
{{Main|Android Lollipop}}
{{anchor|Lollipop|5.0|Android 5.0|Android 5|Android Lollipop}}

Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during [[Google I/O]]. It became available as an official [[Over-the-air programming|over-the-air]] (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including [[Google Nexus|Nexus]] and [[Google Play edition]] devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.<ref name=PCWorldJun2014>{{cite web |title=From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html |publisher=PC World |date=June 25, 2014|access-date=June 26, 2014|archive-date=June 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626183451/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 15, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018090820/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive [[design language]] referred to as "[[material design]]". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the [[Android Runtime]] (ART) officially replacing [[Dalvik virtual machine|Dalvik]] for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as [[Project Volta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |website=Engadget |date=June 25, 2014 |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816150431/https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=We just played with Android's L Developer Preview |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |website=Engadget |date=June 26, 2014 |publisher=AOL |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626162710/http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |website=Anandtech |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628013652/http://anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L |url=http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/ |date=July 1, 2014 |access-date=July 5, 2014 |author=Andrei Frumusanu |work=AnandTech |archive-date=July 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705022457/http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.0<ref name = "Api level 21-22">{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |title=Android 5.0 APIs |publisher=Android.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027235642/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com"/>
|
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) with [[Ahead-of-time compilation|ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation]] and improved [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] (GC), replacing [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] that combines bytecode [[Interpreter (computing)|interpretation]] with [[Tracing just-in-time compilation|trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation]].<ref name="Api level 21-22" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |title=A JIT Compiler for Android's Dalvik VM |date=May 2010 |access-date = March 19, 2015 |author1=Ben Cheng |author2=Bill Buzbee |website=android-app-developer.co.uk |pages=5–14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151106221110/http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |archive-date = November 6, 2015|url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Support for [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] CPUs.
* [[OpenGL ES]] 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations.
* Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application.
* [[Vector graphics|Vector drawables]], which scale without losing definition.
* Support for print previews.
* [[Material design]], bringing a restyled user interface and ''"ripple effect"'' for buttons.
* Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.<ref>[http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html "Exploring Android L: Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110831/http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html |date=May 14, 2015 }}. Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
* Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down.
* [[Project Volta]], for battery life improvements.
* Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings.
* Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.<ref name=IndiaTimes>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |title=Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=December 23, 2014 |work=India Times |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203042421/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |title=Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone |publisher=Android Central |access-date=January 25, 2015 |date=October 17, 2014 |archive-date=February 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204065643/http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Audio input and output through USB devices.
* Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on [[SD card]]s. However, those must be adapted to the storage access framework of Android API level 21 or higher.<ref name="android-police01">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |title=Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security |publisher=Android Police |author=Cody Toombs |date=November 4, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206131506/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="android-police02">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |title=Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129151433/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* WebViews receive updates independently through [[Google Play]] for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |title=Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android |date=October 24, 2014 |work=ZDNet |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142416/https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.<ref name=AndroidLollipop>{{cite web |url=http://www.android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |title=Android – 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 3, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2014 |publisher=Android.com |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125175546/https://android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Tap and Go'' allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* User-customizable priorities for application notifications.<ref name="CNET-priority">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/uk/how-to/setup-interruptions-android-lollipop-do-not-disturb/ |title=Set up 'Priority' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CNET |date=November 3, 2014|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref>
* Smart lock feature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |title=Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 12, 2015 |access-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310235133/http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[SELinux]] in enforcing mode for all domains.
* Updated emoji.<ref name="emojipedia-50">{{cite web |title=Android 5.0 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |access-date=February 2, 2017 |date=November 26, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116211447/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved [[accessibility]] support (e.g. [[switch access]] support).<ref name="androidcentral1">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |title=Accessibility features in Android 5.0 Lollipop |publisher=Android Central |date=October 25, 2014 |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126063234/http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |title=Block-Based OTAs | Android Open Source Project |publisher=Android Source |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310191906/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Task listing access disabled for third-party applications.
|-
| 5.0.1
| December 2, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |title=Android 5.0.1 (LRX22C) Hitting AOSP Now (Update: Factory Images Too) |date=December 2, 2014 |access-date=December 3, 2014 |author=Liam Spradlin |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204004048/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* A few bug fixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling.
|-
| 5.0.2
| December 19, 2014<ref name="FactoryImages"/>
|
* Fixes a bug with [[Trim (computing)|TRIM]] support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |title=Commit 4f868ed to platform/frameworks/base |last=Tate |first=Christopher |date=November 21, 2014 |website=Android Git Repositories |access-date=December 27, 2017 |quote=The current heuristics depend on devices being alive at midnight+ in order to run periodic background fstrim operations...If the device goes a defined time without a background fstrim, we [now] force the fstrim at the next reboot. Once the device hits the midnight+ idle fstrim request time, then we already aggressively attempt to fstrim at the first available moment thereafter...'Available' here means charging + device idle. |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |title=What's actually new in Android 5.0.2? |date=December 22, 2014 |access-date=January 6, 2015 |author=Stephen Schenck |publisher=PocketNow.com |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106071243/http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==== Android 5.1 Lollipop ====
{{anchor|Android 5.1|5.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.1
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen.
* Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings.
* Official support for [[Dual SIM|multiple SIM cards]].<ref name="venturebeat-20150309">{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/09/google-confirms-android-5-1-is-landing-on-all-compatible-devices-from-today/ |title=Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls |work=VentureBeat |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://venturebeat.com/ai/beyond-transactions-reimagining-banking-with-superior-digital-customer-journeys/infinite/injection_js/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Anti-theft system|Device protection]]: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.
* [[Wideband audio|High-definition voice calls]], available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.<ref name="venturebeat-20150309" />
* Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the [[silent mode]] that was removed from Android 5.0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |title=Android 5.1 reinstates Silent Mode, but there's a catch |work=AndroidPIT |access-date=March 27, 2015 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181504/http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 5.1.1
| April 20, 2015<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142928/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="phandroid-5.1.1">{{cite web |title=Android 5.1.1 (LMY47V) officially uploaded to AOSP and here's the full changelog, Nexus Player factory images also available |date=April 21, 2015 |url=http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |access-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428075015/http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Various bug fixes<ref name="phandroid-5.1.1" />
* Native [[Generic Access Network|Wi-Fi calling]] support.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jack |last=Jennings |url=http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |title=Google Open Source Code for Wi-Fi Calling |publisher=XDA |date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=November 2, 2015 |archive-date=November 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116115614/http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 6.0 Marshmallow ===
{{Main|Android Marshmallow}}
{{anchor|Marshmallow|Android 6|6|Android 6.0|6.0|Android Marshmallow}}

Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename "Android M" during [[Google I/O]] on May 28, 2015, for the [[Nexus 5]] and [[Nexus 6]] phones, [[Nexus 9]] tablet, and [[Nexus Player]] set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's Android M preview build will run on the Nexus 5, 6, 9, and Player [Updated] |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |date=May 28, 2015 |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=May 28, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529043650/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015, for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |title=Downloads Android Developers |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817224047/http://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to [[Android for Work]] profiles.<ref>{{cite web|title = Support and Release Notes {{!}} Android Developers|url = https://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|website = developer.android.com|access-date = August 22, 2015|archive-date = August 11, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150811015125/http://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 6.0
| September 29, 2015<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Get ready for the sweet taste of Android 6.0 Marshmallow |url=http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006000054/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Precluded rudimentary [[file manager]] (package name: <code>com.android.documentsui</code>), accessible from storage settings.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mediati |first1=Nick |title=How to get to Android Marshmallow's hidden file manager |url=https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |website=Greenbot |language=en |date=October 22, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142829/https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Memory card]] mounted to <code>/storage/????-????/</code> rather than <code>/storage/extSdCard/</code>, with a hexadecimal [[volume serial number]] in place of the [[Wildcard character|wildcard]] question marks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |title=Customer Community |access-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416212913/https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Contextual search from keywords within apps.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |title=Now on Tap is the coolest Android feature in a long time |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |date=May 28, 2015 |website=The Verge |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142906/https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Doze |url=http://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304134852/https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App Standby feature.
* Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android vertical app drawer |url=https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=October 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015192909/https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Application search bar and favorites.
* Native fingerprint reader support.
* Direct Share feature for target-specific sharing between apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Renamed "Priority" mode to "Do Not Disturb" mode.
* App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Handling App Links |url=http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124045813/http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=App Linking in Android 6.0 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Larger Application folders with multiple pages.
* Post-install/run-time permission requests.
* [[USB-C]] support.
* Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Use Android 6.0's Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar |date=February 3, 2022 |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224155656/https://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Automatic full data backup and restore for apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 4K display mode for apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |title=Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage |date=April 7, 2017 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142932/https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[MIDI]] support for musical instruments.<ref>{{cite web |title=MIDI – Android Open Source Project |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926143719/http://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Experimental multi-window feature.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow |date=October 16, 2015 |url=http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019233847/http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering |date=October 6, 2015 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023093409/http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time. Similar to [[App Ops]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |title=Request App Permissions  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=April 28, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505063403/http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Miracast support dropped.<ref name="CWnostalgia">{{Cite news |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android/android-nostalgia-old-features.html |title=Android nostalgia: 13 once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away |last=Raphael |first=JR |date=December 5, 2017 |work=Computerworld |access-date=December 6, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142934/https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android-features-faded.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Many new essential commands supported by Android's [[Linux shell]] ''(/bin/sh)''.
* No screen rotation during touch.
|-
| 6.0.1
| December 7, 2015<ref name="android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena">{{cite web |title=Google releases Android 6.0.1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P/6, Nexus 5X/5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 [2013] |url=http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013 |website=GadgetzArena |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121153839/http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* [[Unicode 7.0]] & [[Unicode 8.0|8.0]] [[emoji]] support.<ref name="emojipedia-601">{{cite web |title=Android 6.0.1 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217072617/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Descriptions for USB connection options.
* Double-press the power button to open the camera.
|}

=== Android 7.0 Nougat ===
{{Main|Android Nougat}}
{{anchor|Nougat|Android 7|7|Android 7.0|Android Nougat}}

Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new "Android Beta Program" which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 – the final preview – is available for download |date=July 18, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719133438/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the build number NPD90G.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.0
| August 22, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |title=Taking the final wrapper off of Android 7.0 Nougat |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142838/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Support for file-based encryption.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |title=Pixel Security: Better, Faster, Stronger |last1=Crowley |first1=Paul |last2=Lawrence |first2=Paul |website=Google Security Blog |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042809/https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Unicode 9.0]] [[emoji]] and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of [[ICU4J]] APIs).<ref name="emojipedia-70">{{cite web |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=August 22, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222042239/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability to display color calibration.
* Ability to zoom in the screen.
* Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button.
* Added an Emergency information part.
* Added the "Clear All" button to the Overview screen.
* Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates.
* [[Google Daydream|Daydream]] virtual reality platform (VR interface).
* Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life.
* Improvements to the file browser.
* Ability to [[File operation|move files]] added to ''Storage Access Framework''<ref name=SAF-API24>{{cite web |title=DocumentsContract |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143342/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |url-status=live }}</ref>
* More Quick Settings options.
* Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout.
* New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage.
* New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size.
* Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |title=Android 7.0 for Developers  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=August 25, 2016 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911205602/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Picture-in-picture]] support for [[Android TV]].
* Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings.
* Redesigned Overview screen.
* Replaced notification cards with notification sheets.
* Settings app navigation drawer.
* [[Vulkan (API)|Vulkan 3D]] rendering API.
* Multiple Device Locales<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |title=Android N Feature Spotlight: Multiple Device Locales Are Now Supported, Allowing Search Results In Multiple Languages And Other Goodies |date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214005239/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Discontinuation of Android Camera V1 API<ref name=CameraVersion>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |title=Camera Version Support |website=Android Open Source Project |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704161717/https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Restricted file system access<ref>{{cite web |url=https://proclockers.com/review/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |title=List of All Android Operating System Names (2020 Update) |date=November 18, 2020 |publisher=ProClockers |access-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143419/https://gaminggorilla.com/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 7.1 Nougat ====
{{anchor|Android 7.1|7.1}}

On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.1
| October 4, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |title=Android 7.1 Nougat's changelog is here, includes both Pixel-exclusive and non-Pixel exclusive changes |date=October 4, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125659/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Rearranged notification shade.
* "Restart" option added to power button menu<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Rupesh |title=Android 7.1 Changes: What The New Update Brings |url=https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |website=Beebom |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=October 20, 2016 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Touch/display performance improvements.
* Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture{{snd}}opt-in).
* Opt-in with new hardware required:
** Seamless A/B system updates.
** Daydream VR mode.
* Developer features:
** Shortcut manager APIs.
** Circular app icons support.
** Keyboard image insertion.
** Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade.
** Manual storage manager Intent for apps.
** Improved VR thread scheduling.
** Enhanced wallpaper metadata.
** Multi-endpoint call support.
** Support for various MNO requirements.
*** PCDMA voice privacy property.
*** Source type support for Visual Voicemail.
*** Carrier config options for managing telephone videos.
* Manual storage manager{{snd}} identifies files and apps using storage.
|-
| 7.1.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |title=A sweet update to Nougat: Android 7.1.1 |date=December 5, 2016 |website=Google Blog |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213001345/https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 1, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143448/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* New set of [[emoji]]s adding different skin tones and haircuts to existing ones.
* Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard.
* App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long-pressing the app icon.
* Developer Options: ''Show CPU Usage'' feature removed.
|-
| 7.1.2<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |title=Google Groups |website=productforums.google.com |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203081016/https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |title=Some Pixel C and Nexus Player owners are getting the official Android 7.1.2 update |date=April 2, 2017 |website=Android Authority |access-date=April 2, 2017 |archive-date=April 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403005448/http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| April 2, 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143348/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Battery usage alerts.
|}

=== Android 8.0 Oreo ===
{{Main|Android Oreo}}
{{anchor|Oreo|Android 8|8|Android 8.0|Android Oreo|8.0|Project Treble}}

Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.0<ref name="guardian8">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |title=Oreo: Google announces release of the next version of Android 8 |date=August 21, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Samuel |last1=Gibbs |first2=Olivia |last2=Solon |access-date=March 11, 2019 |archive-date=September 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903103557/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 21, 2017
|
* '''Project Treble''', the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates.
* Picture-in-picture support.
* Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines.
* Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors.
* Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries.
* Adaptive icons
* Notification improvements.
** Notification channels.
** Notification dots (badges).
** Notification snoozing.
** Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.).
* System-wide Autofill framework.
* Support for [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[Sony]]'s [[LDAC (codec)|LDAC]] and [[Qualcomm]]'s [[aptX]] and [[AptX#aptX HD|aptX HD]] codecs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |title=How Oreo is better than Nougat: Audio |date=August 23, 2017 |website=Android Authority |language=en-US |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App-specific unknown sources.
* Multi-display support.
* 2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.<ref name="guardian8"/>
* Apps background execution and location limits.
* Google Play Protect.
* Downloadable fonts.
* Integrated printing support.
* Color management (deep color and wide color gamut).
* Wi-Fi Assistant.
|}

==== Android 8.1 Oreo ====
{{anchor|8.1|Android 8.1}}

Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |title=Google Blog |website=android-developers.googleblog.com |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025183103/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goandroid.co.in/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |title=Android 8.1 developer preview arrives for Pixel and Nexus devices |date=October 25, 2017 |website=GoAndroid |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143449/https://www.thegoandroid.com/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 5, 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |title=Android 8.1 Oreo goes final, rolling out now to Pixel and Nexus devices |date=December 5, 2017 |website=Ars Technica |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102090441/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |title=Welcoming Android 8.1 Oreo and Android Oreo (Go edition) |author=Dave Burke |date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143856/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Neural networks API.
* Shared memory API.
* WallpaperColors API.
* Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings.
* '''[[Android Go|Android Oreo (Go edition)]]''', a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1 GB of RAM.<ref name = "Android Go">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |title=Android Go is here to fix super cheap phones |publisher=The Verge |date=March 1, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144008/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Autofill framework updates.
* Programmatic Safe Browsing actions.
* Navigation buttons dim when not in use.
* Visual changes to 'Power Off' and 'Restart', including a new screen and floating toolbar.
* Toast messages are now white with the same existing transparency.
* Automatic light and dark themes.
* New Easter egg in the form of an official [[Oreo|Oreo cookie]] picture.<ref name = "Android police oreo cookie">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |title=Android 8.1 feature spotlight: A new Oreo Easter egg |date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143858/https://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 9 Pie ===
{{Main|Android Pie}}
{{anchor|Pie|Android 9|9|Android 9.0|9.0|Android Pie}}

Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a "Release Candidate") was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 9 Pie (API 28)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|9
|August 6, 2018
|
* New user interface for the quick settings menu.<ref name="xda">{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mishaal |title=Here's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google Pixel/XL and Pixel 2/XL |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |website=XDA Developers |access-date=March 8, 2018 |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422014635/https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |title=The biggest early visual changes in Android P |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |access-date=March 8, 2018 |work=[[The Verge]] |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622084001/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The "dock" now has a semi-transparent background.<ref name="Verge"/>
* Battery Saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars.<ref name=xda/>
* A "screenshot" button has been added to the power options.<ref name="Verge"/>
* A new "Lockdown" mode which disables biometric authentication once activated.
* Rounded corners across the UI.
* New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps.
* Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be seen within a notification, full-scale images, and smart replies akin to Google's new app, Reply.
* Support for display cutouts.
* Redesigned volume slider.
* Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display.
* Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock.
* Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving.
* [[DNS over TLS]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview |date=April 17, 2018 |work=Google Security Blog |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |access-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422194047/https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A new optional gesture-based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI.
* Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built-in.
* Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time they are spending on their device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps.
* "Shush", an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications.
* "Adaptive Battery" prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS determines the user will not use.
* Auto-Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits.
* Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bedtime that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone's interface gray to discourage further use at night.
* [[Vulkan#Vulkan 1.1|Vulkan 1.1]] support.
* Call recording options fully disabled<ref name=ACR>{{Cite web |url=https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |title=Android 9/10 call recording issues | ACR – Another Call Recorder by NLL APPS |website=nllapps.com |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144014/https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 10 ===
{{Main|Android 10}}
{{anchor|10|Android 10}}

Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 10 (API 29)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 10
| September 3, 2019
|
* Revamped full-screen gesture navigation with new app open/close animations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |title=[Update: OEM Gestures Allowed] Google's new navigation gestures in Android Q will be mandatory for all devices |date=May 9, 2019 |website=xda-developers |access-date=August 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144403/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Android 10 launcher port brings new gesture animations to Android 9 |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |website=xda-developers |date=September 10, 2019 |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144404/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=September 23, 2020 |title=Android 11—The Ars Technica Review |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |access-date=April 17, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Scoped storage'' restrictions<ref>{{cite web |title=Privacy changes in Android 10 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144407/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |url-status=live }}</ref>
* New permissions required to access location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.<ref name="introducingqbeta">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Introducing Android Q Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=March 13, 2019 |date=March 13, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090246/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Background (idle) access to camera, microphone and sensors disabled for more privacy protection with the side effect of disabling [[antitheft]] software.<ref name=Verge-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |title=Android P won't let apps secretly use your mic or camera in the background |first=Chris |last=Welch |date=March 7, 2018 |website=The Verge |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=AndroidAuth-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |title=Android P will prevent apps from using your camera or microphone without telling you (Updated) |date=February 21, 2018 |website=Android Authority |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144520/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=PhoneArena-background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |title=Android P will prevent background apps from using the camera |first=Mihail |last=Nikolov |website=Phone Arena |date=February 20, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144410/https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[AV1]] video codec, the [[HDR10+]] video format and the [[Opus (audio format)|Opus]] audio codec.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[AptX#aptX Adaptive|aptX Adaptive]], [[LHDC (codec)#LHDC|LHDC]], [[LHDC (codec)#LLAC|LLAC]], [[CELT]] and AAC LATM codecs<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/implement |title=Audio Implementation |website=Android Open Source Project |language=en |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144519/https://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |title=Android 10 devices are going to sound better with LHDC™ |last=Yeow |first=Goh Beng |date=October 22, 2019 |website=Porta-Fi™ |language=en-GB |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144928/https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A native [[MIDI]] API, allowing interaction with music controllers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Better support for [[biometric authentication]] in apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[Wi-Fi Protected Access#WPA3|WPA3]] Wi-Fi security protocol.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[foldable phone]]s.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for Notification Bubbles.<ref name="qbeta2">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Android Q Beta 2 update |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=April 25, 2019 |date=April 3, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144944/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="notificationbubbles">{{cite web |title=Bubbles |website=Android Developers |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410052657/https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
* New system-wide dark theme/mode<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/look-and-feel/darktheme |title=Dark theme |website=Android Developers |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144954/https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/theming/darktheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/10/10/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |title=Google Dark Mode app roundup: Everything available so far |first=Ben |last=Schoon |work=9to5Google |date=October 10, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144952/https://9to5google.com/2020/05/19/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* TLS v1.3 support added.
* Project Mainline, allows core OS components to be updated via the [[Google Play Store]], without requiring a complete system update<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |title=Fresher OS with Projects Treble and Mainline |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220093711/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 11 ===
{{Main|Android 11}}
{{anchor|11|Android 11}}

Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turning it up to 11: the first Developer Preview of Android 11 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |last=Burke |first=Dave |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144915/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 11 Developer Preview: All the changes we found from Android 10 so far! |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |date=February 19, 2020 |last=Fedewa |first=Joe |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145014/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020, to June 10, 2020.<ref name="eleven-beta">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |title=Google delays the Android 11 Beta announcement as protests roil US cities |website=www.theverge.com |access-date=June 8, 2020 |date=May 30, 2020 |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530071708/https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 11 (API 30)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 11
| September 8, 2020
|
* Chat bubbles.
* Screen recorder.
* Notification history.
* New permissions controls.
* API distinction between standalone [[5G NR]] and non-standalone 5G.
* One-time permissions.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11">{{cite web |last1=Cuthbertso |first1=Stephanie |title=Unwrapping the Android 11 Beta, plus more developer updates |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=August 20, 2020 |date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144916/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Permissions auto-reset.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" />
* Wireless [[Android Auto]] on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.<ref name="Android 11 Product Page">{{Cite web |title=Android 11 |url=https://www.android.com/android-11/ |access-date=September 25, 2020 |website=Android |language=en-US |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912094615/https://www.android.com/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" /><ref name="mainline">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |title=Accelerating Android Updates |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144946/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.<ref name="Android 11 Enterprise Blog">{{Cite web |last1=Marsanyi |first1=Ian |title=Championing employee privacy, productivity with Android 11 |url=https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |website=Android Enterprise Blog |access-date=September 25, 2020 |date=September 8, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145503/https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schoon |first1=Ben |title=Android 11 prepares new settings for Gesture Navigation |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145534/https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Since this version, apps no longer have access to other app's directories (including "Android/Data").<ref>{{cite news |title=Android 11 : Scoped Storage |url=https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |work=DhiWise |date=21 July 2021 |language=en |access-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145504/https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 12 ===
{{Main|Android 12}}
{{anchor|12|Android 12}}

Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android S: the first Developer Preview of Android 12 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219023916/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 12 Developer Preview: First Developer preview |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |date=February 18, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145505/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12 (API 31)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12
| October 4, 2021
|
* Easier Wi-Fi sharing.
* [[AVIF]] image support.
* Material You, an updated design language based on [[Material Design]].
* Scrolling Screenshot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 To Finally Bring Scrolling Screenshots |url=https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |website=TechiAI |date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710104625/https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* One Handed Mode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guide to enable One-Handed Mode on Android 12 |url=https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |website=Gizmochina |date=March 28, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704194900/https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) module added to the updatable core OS components via Google Play, added functionality to existing modules.<ref name="Features">{{cite web |title=Android 12 Features |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=androidauthority |access-date=February 18, 2021 |date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="12preview">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |title=First preview of Android 12 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218180352/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Area Magnification can zoom in any content on device.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magnification feature now offers a useful floating window |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713032843/https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* "Extra Dim" is a faint level of brightness not accessible by the brightness scale.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 gets 'Extra Dim' |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |website=Android Police |date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718044005/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bold Text.
* Greyscale.
* A green dot at the top right of the screen shows when the camera or microphone is in use.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raphael |first1=J. R. |title=How to take advantage of Android 12's new privacy options |url=https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |website=The Verge |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=en |date=20 August 2021 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401123146/https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Option to choose precise or approximate location.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 features: Everything you need to know about Google's latest OS |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=Android Authority |date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Privacy Dashboard.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to access and use the Android 12 Privacy Dashboard |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |website=Android Central |date=September 21, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107025705/https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Gestures can work in immersive mode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 fixes one of the most frustrating things about gesture navigation |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |website=Android Police |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706101016/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Performance improvements to system services to improve transitions, power efficiency, and reduce app startup times.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's new in Android 12 Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 22, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112036/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Third party app stores now have the ability to update apps without constantly asking the user for permission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=Android 12 will finally let alternative app stores update apps on their own |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622223308/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 12L ====
{{Main|Android 12L}}
{{anchor|12L|Android 12L}}

Android 12L{{efn|Released as "Android 12.1" for smartphones}} is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced in October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12L (API 32)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12L
| March 7, 2022
|
* Improvements specific for foldable phones, tablets, desktop-sized screens and Chromebooks, and modifications to the user interface to tailor it to larger screens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=12L and new Android APIs and tools for large screens |last=Burke |first=Dave |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |date=October 27, 2021 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-date=July 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722074255/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 13 ===
{{Main|Android 13}}
{{anchor|13|Android 13}}

Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 13 (API 33)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 13
| August 15, 2022
|
* Apps are now required to request permission from the user before they are able to send notifications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abner |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Here's everything new in Android 13 Developer Preview 2 [Gallery] |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |access-date=March 18, 2022 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317185828/https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The number of active apps is now shown at the bottom of the notifications panel, a tap on it opens a detailed panel which lets the user stop each of them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Android 13 review: Plans for the future, but not much to offer today |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=August 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830231050/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for [[Bluetooth Low Energy|Bluetooth LE]] Audio and the [[LC3 (codec)|LC3 audio codec]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2021 |title=Android 13 may finally bring full support for Bluetooth LE Audio |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629122229/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New LC3 Encoder (I5f2f7627) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit |archive-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109172549/https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Add new LC3 decoder (I275ea8ba) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1936078 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit}}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime|ART]] update with a new [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collector]] utilizing the [[Linux kernel|Linux]] userfaultfd [[system call]].<ref name="Gidra">{{Citation |last=Gidra |first=Lokesh |title=What's new in app performance |date=May 12, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYdHLqLVspY |language=en |access-date=August 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gidra |first1=Lokesh |last2=Boehm |first2=Hans-J. |last3=Fernandes |first3=Joel |date=October 12, 2020 |title=Utilizing the Linux Userfaultfd System Call in a Compaction Phase of a Garbage Collection Process |url=https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3671 |journal=Defensive Publications Series}}</ref><ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP">{{Cite web |title=Android 13 is in AOSP! |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2022/08/android-13-is-in-aosp.html |access-date=August 16, 2022 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref> It reduces memory pressure, compiled code size and [[Jank (web)|jank]], and prevents the risk of killing apps because of low memory during garbage collection.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Other changes also improve app startup, reduce jank and improve performance.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Because of the Mainline project, Android 12 ART will also be updated.<ref name="Gidra"/>
* Support of Themed icons by third-party apps and manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=2022-12-09 |title=Android themed: These apps support Material You makeovers |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/12/09/android-13-themed-icons/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=[[9to5Google]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 14 ===
{{Main|Android 14}}

Android 14 is the fourteenth major version of the Android operating system. Google announced Android 14 on February 8, 2023, with the first Developer Preview releasing on the same day.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 14 (API 34)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|14
|October 4, 2023
|
* Installation of apps designed to target Android versions and SDKs older than [[Android Marshmallow|Marshmallow (6.0)]] is blocked to prevent malware.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Android 14 Preview 1 is out, will officially ban installation of old apps |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=22 Best Android 14 Features (New and Upcoming) |url=https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Beebom]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 15 ===
{{Main|Android 15}}

Android 15 is the fifteenth major version of the Android operating system. It was released on September 3, 2024 as part of the Android Open Source Project,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthew|first=McCullough |date=September 3, 2024 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/09/android-15-is-released-to-aosp.html |title=Android 15 is released to AOSP |website=Android Developer Blog |publisher=Google |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> and was first released to a device on September 30, 2024 by [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonggolto |first=Jay |date=September 30, 2024 |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/apps-software/the-first-oem-to-drop-android-15-updates-is-one-youd-never-guess |title=The first OEM to drop Android 15 updates is one you'd never guess |website=Android Central |publisher=Future US |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> Unlike previous versions of Android, the new update wasn't made available upon its release to Google's own Pixel line, instead being released on October 15, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=October 15, 2024 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/15/24268043/google-android-15-pixel |title=Android 15 is now available for Pixels |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=October 15, 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 15 (API 35)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 15.0
| September 3, 2024
|
* Reintroduction of lock screen widgets on tablets, which were introduced in Android 4.2 and removed in Android 5.0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=2024-01-12 |title=Android 15 might bring back lock screen widgets |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/01/it-looks-like-lock-screen-widgets-are-making-a-comeback-in-android-15/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 16 ===
{{Main|Android 16}}
Android 16 is the upcoming major release of [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. The first Developer Preview of Android 16 was released on 19 November 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-11-19 |title=Android 16 is now available for early testers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/19/24300673/android-16-developer-preview-availability-release-timeline |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> [[Google]] expects the platform to reach beta stage in January 2025 with a final release expected in Q2 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 16 (API 36)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 16 DP1
| November 19, 2024
|
* Embedded photo picker
* Health records
* privacy sandbox on android.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>

== References ==
<references/>

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#REDIRECT [[Template:Cite journal]]

Template:Citation

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Luke: Undo revision 1657 by Awilh 37 (talk) - changing back to mirahezedev edition

{{Citation/core
|Surname1 = {{{last|{{{surname|{{{last1|{{{surname1|{{{author1|{{{author|{{{authors|{{{author|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Surname2 = {{{last2|{{{surname2|{{{author2|{{{coauthor|{{{coauthors|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Surname3 = {{{last3|{{{surname3|{{{author3|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname4 = {{{last4|{{{surname4|{{{author4|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname5 = {{{last5|{{{surname5|{{{author5|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname6 = {{{last6|{{{surname6|{{{author6|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname7 = {{{last7|{{{surname7|{{{author7|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname8 = {{{last8|{{{surname8|{{{author8|}}}}}}}}}
|Surname9 = {{{last9|{{{surname9|{{{author9|}}}}}}}}}
|Given1 = {{{first1|{{{given1|{{{first|{{{given|}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Given2 = {{{first2|{{{given2|}}}}}}
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|Authorlink1 = {{{author-link|{{{author1-link|{{{author-link1|{{{authorlink|{{{authorlink1|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
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|Authorlink8 = {{{author8-link|{{{authorlink8|}}}}}}
|Authorlink9 = {{{author9-link|{{{authorlink9|}}}}}}
|Year={{{year|{{ 
#if: {{{date|}}}
|{{
#iferror:{{#time:Y|{{{date|}}} }}
|{{#iferror:{{#time:Y|{{{publication-date|einval}}} }}||{{#time:Y|{{{publication-date|}}} }}}}
|{{#time:Y|{{{date|}}} }}
}}
|{{{publication-date|}}} 
}}
}}}
|YearNote = {{{origyear|}}}
|Date = {{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{{date}}}|{{{day|}}} {{{month|}}} {{{year|{{{publication-date|}}}}}}}}
|DateFormat={{{dateformat|}}}
|Title={{{title|}}}
|URL={{#if:{{{archiveurl|}}}|{{{archiveurl|}}}|{{{url|}}}}}
|Series={{{series|{{{version|}}}}}}
|Periodical = {{{journal|{{{periodical|{{{newspaper|{{{magazine|{{{work|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|Volume = {{{volume|}}}
|Issue = {{{issue|{{{number|}}}}}}
|At = {{
#if: {{{journal|{{{periodical|{{{newspaper|{{{magazine|}}}}}}}}}}}}
|{{{pages|{{{page|{{{at|}}}}}}}}}
|{{
#if: {{{page|}}}
|{{#if:{{{nopp|}}}||s. }}{{{page}}}
|{{
#if: {{{pages|}}}
|{{#if:{{{nopp|}}}||s. }}{{{pages}}}
|{{{at|}}}
}}
}}
}}
|IncludedWorkTitle = {{{chapter|{{{contribution|}}}}}}
|IncludedWorkURL = {{{chapter-url|{{{chapterurl|{{{contribution-url|}}}}}}}}}
|Other = {{{others|}}}
|Edition = {{{edition|}}}
|Place = {{{place|{{{location|}}}}}}
|PublicationPlace = {{{publication-place|{{{place|{{{location|}}}}}}}}}
|Publisher = {{{publisher|}}}
|PublicationDate = {{{publication-date|}}}
|EditorSurname1 = {{{editor-last|{{{editor-surname|{{{editor1-last|{{{editor1-surname|{{{editor|{{{editors|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|EditorSurname2 = {{{editor2-last|{{{editor2-surname|}}}}}}
|EditorSurname3 = {{{editor3-last|{{{editor3-surname|}}}}}}
|EditorSurname4 = {{{editor4-last|{{{editor4-surname|}}}}}}
|EditorGiven1 = {{{editor-first|{{{editor-given|{{{editor1-first|{{{editor1-given|}}}}}}}}}}}}
|EditorGiven2={{{editor2-first|{{{editor2-given|}}}}}}
|EditorGiven3={{{editor3-first|{{{editor3-given|}}}}}}
|EditorGiven4={{{editor4-first|{{{editor4-given|}}}}}}
|Editorlink1={{{editor-link|{{{editor1-link|}}}}}}
|Editorlink2={{{editor2-link|}}}
|Editorlink3={{{editor3-link|}}}
|Editorlink4={{{editor4-link|}}}
|language = {{{language|{{{in|}}}}}}
|format = {{{format|}}}
|ID={{{id|{{{ID|}}}}}}
|ISBN={{{isbn|{{{ISBN|}}}}}}
|ISSN={{{issn|{{{ISSN|}}}}}}
|OCLC={{{oclc|{{{OCLC|}}}}}}
|PMID={{{pmid|{{{PMID|}}}}}}
|PMC={{{pmc|{{{PMC|}}}}}}
|Bibcode={{{bibcode|}}}
|DOI={{{doi|{{{DOI|}}}}}}
|DoiBroken={{{doi_brokendate|}}}
|AccessDate={{{access-date|{{{accessdate|}}}}}}
|laysummary = {{{laysummary|}}}
|quote = {{{quote|}}}
|laydate = {{{laydate|}}}
|Ref={{{ref|}}}
|Sep = {{#ifeq:{{{separator|{{{seperator}}}}}}|;|;|{{{separator|{{{seperator|,}}}}}}}}
|PS = {{#if:{{{quote|}}}||{{{postscript|}}}}}
|amp = {{{lastauthoramp|}}}
|Archive = {{#if:{{{archiveurl|}}}|archived from {{#if:{{{url|}}}|[{{{url|}}} sourceaddress]|sourceaddress}} {{#if:{{{archivedate|}}}| on {{{archivedate}}}|. You must specify the date the page was archived through the parameter {{para|archivedate}}.{{#if: {{NAMESPACE}}|| }}}}
}}
}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

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{{#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}{{{2|a}}}|{{{1|b}}}{{{2|b}}}|{{#invoke:String|endswith|source={{{1}}}|pattern={{{2}}} }}|yes}}<noinclude>
{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Module:Documentation

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-- This module implements {{documentation}}.

-- Get required modules.
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs

-- Get the config table.
local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config')

local p = {}

-- Often-used functions.
local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--
-- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p
-- table for testing purposes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType)
--[[
-- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate.
-- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not
-- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'.
-- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the
-- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc.
-- For example, if the message "foo-message" had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.',
-- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return "Foo qux bar baz."
--]]
local msg = cfg[cfgKey]
expectType = expectType or 'string'
if type(msg) ~= expectType then
error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2)
end
if not valArray then
return msg
end

local function getMessageVal(match)
match = tonumber(match)
return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4)
end

return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal)
end

p.message = message

local function makeWikilink(page, display)
if display then
return mw.ustring.format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display)
else
return mw.ustring.format('[[%s]]', page)
end
end

p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink

local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)
local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name
return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort)
end

p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink

local function makeUrlLink(url, display)
return mw.ustring.format('[%s %s]', url, display)
end

p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink

local function makeToolbar(...)
local ret = {}
local lim = select('#', ...)
if lim < 1 then
return nil
end
for i = 1, lim do
ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...)
end
-- 'documentation-toolbar'
return '<span class="' .. message('toolbar-class') .. '">('
.. table.concat(ret, ' | ') .. ')</span>'
end

p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Argument processing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName)
return function (frame)
local args = getArgs(frame, {
valueFunc = function (key, value)
if type(value) == 'string' then
value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace.
if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then
return value
else
return nil
end
else
return value
end
end
})
return p[funcName](args)
end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Entry points
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.nonexistent(frame)
if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then
return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'}
else
return p.main(frame)
end
end

p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main')

function p._main(args)
--[[
-- This function defines logic flow for the module.
-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
--]]
local env = p.getEnvironment(args)
local root = mw.html.create()
root
:tag('div')
-- 'documentation-container'
:addClass(message('container'))
:attr('role', 'complementary')
:attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil)
:attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil)
:newline()
:tag('div')
-- 'documentation'
:addClass(message('main-div-classes'))
:newline()
:wikitext(p._startBox(args, env))
:wikitext(p._content(args, env))
:tag('div')
-- 'documentation-clear'
:addClass(message('clear'))
:done()
:newline()
:done()
:wikitext(p._endBox(args, env))
:done()
:wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env))
-- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css'
return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag (
'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles']
}) .. tostring(root)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Environment settings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.getEnvironment(args)
--[[
-- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title
-- objects and other namespace- or path-related data.
-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
--
-- Title objects include:
-- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title)
-- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.)
-- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage.
-- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage.
-- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage.
--
-- Data includes:
-- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace.
-- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in.
-- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace.
-- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template.
--
-- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value
-- returned will be nil.
--]]

local env, envFuncs = {}, {}

-- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value
-- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions
-- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.)
setmetatable(env, {
__index = function (t, key)
local envFunc = envFuncs[key]
if envFunc then
local success, val = pcall(envFunc)
if success then
env[key] = val -- Memoise the value.
return val
end
end
return nil
end
})

function envFuncs.title()
-- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page.
local title
local titleArg = args.page
if titleArg then
title = mw.title.new(titleArg)
else
title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
end
return title
end

function envFuncs.templateTitle()
--[[
-- The template (or module, etc.) title object.
-- Messages:
-- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox'
-- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases'
--]]
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
local title = env.title
local subpage = title.subpageText
if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') then
return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText)
else
return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text)
end
end

function envFuncs.docTitle()
--[[
-- Title object of the /doc subpage.
-- Messages:
-- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc'
--]]
local title = env.title
local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page.
local docpage
if docname then
docpage = docname
else
docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage')
end
return mw.title.new(docpage)
end

function envFuncs.sandboxTitle()
--[[
-- Title object for the /sandbox subpage.
-- Messages:
-- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox'
--]]
return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage'))
end

function envFuncs.testcasesTitle()
--[[
-- Title object for the /testcases subpage.
-- Messages:
-- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases'
--]]
return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage'))
end

function envFuncs.subjectSpace()
-- The subject namespace number.
return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id
end

function envFuncs.docSpace()
-- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the
-- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File,
-- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and
-- /testcases pages in talk space.
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then
return subjectSpace + 1
else
return subjectSpace
end
end

function envFuncs.docpageBase()
-- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages.
-- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page.
local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
local docSpace = env.docSpace
local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name
-- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon.
return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text
end

function envFuncs.compareUrl()
-- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]].
local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then
local compareUrl = mw.uri.fullUrl(
'Special:ComparePages',
{ page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText}
)
return tostring(compareUrl)
else
return nil
end
end

return env
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Start box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox')

function p._startBox(args, env)
--[[
-- This function generates the start box.
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
--
-- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make
-- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox
-- which generate the box HTML.
--]]
env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
local links
local content = args.content
if not content or args[1] then
-- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself.
local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
if linksData then
links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData)
end
end
-- Generate the start box html.
local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
if data then
return p.renderStartBox(data)
else
-- User specified no heading.
return nil
end
end

function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
--[[
-- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links.
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
--
-- Messages:
-- 'view-link-display' --> 'view'
-- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit'
-- 'history-link-display' --> 'history'
-- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge'
-- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
-- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload'
-- 'create-link-display' --> 'create'
--]]
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
local title = env.title
local docTitle = env.docTitle
if not title or not docTitle then
return nil
end
if docTitle.isRedirect then
docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget
end

local data = {}
data.title = title
data.docTitle = docTitle
-- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists.
data.viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display')
data.editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display')
data.historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display')
data.purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display')
-- Create link if /doc doesn't exist.
local preload = args.preload
if not preload then
if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
preload = message('module-preload')
else
preload = message('docpage-preload')
end
end
data.preload = preload
data.createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display')
return data
end

function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data)
--[[
-- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table.
-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData
--]]

local function escapeBrackets(s)
-- Escapes square brackets with HTML entities.
s = s:gsub('%[', '[') -- Replace square brackets with HTML entities.
s = s:gsub('%]', ']')
return s
end

local ret
local docTitle = data.docTitle
local title = data.title
local purgeLink = makeUrlLink(title:fullUrl{action = 'purge'}, data.purgeLinkDisplay)
if docTitle.exists then
local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay)
local editLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}, data.editLinkDisplay)
local historyLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'}, data.historyLinkDisplay)
ret = '[%s] [%s] [%s] [%s]'
ret = escapeBrackets(ret)
ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, viewLink, editLink, historyLink, purgeLink)
else
local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay)
ret = '[%s] [%s]'
ret = escapeBrackets(ret)
ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, createLink, purgeLink)
end
return ret
end

function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
--[=[
-- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox.
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
-- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error.
--
-- Messages:
-- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]'
-- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation'
-- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation'
-- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary'
-- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation'
-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create'
--]=]
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
if not subjectSpace then
-- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output
-- if an error occurs.
subjectSpace = 2
end
local data = {}

-- Heading
local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed.
if heading == '' then
-- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank.
return nil
end
if heading then
data.heading = heading
elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace
data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading')
elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading')
elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace
data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading')
else
data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading')
end

-- Heading CSS
local headingStyle = args['heading-style']
if headingStyle then
data.headingStyleText = headingStyle
else
-- 'documentation-heading'
data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class')
end

-- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links.
if links then
-- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks'
data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes')
data.links = links
end

return data
end

function p.renderStartBox(data)
-- Renders the start box html.
-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData.
local sbox = mw.html.create('div')
sbox
-- 'documentation-startbox'
:addClass(message('start-box-class'))
:newline()
:tag('span')
:addClass(data.headingClass)
:attr('id', 'documentation-heading')
:cssText(data.headingStyleText)
:wikitext(data.heading)
local links = data.links
if links then
sbox:tag('span')
:addClass(data.linksClass)
:attr('id', data.linksId)
:wikitext(links)
end
return tostring(sbox)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Documentation content
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content')

function p._content(args, env)
-- Displays the documentation contents
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
local docTitle = env.docTitle
local content = args.content
if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText}
end
if mw.site.siteName == "Miraheze Developers Wiki" and args.noexportinstructions ~= "yes" then
-- commoncss decides whether a message about copy-pasting MediaWiki:Common.css should be printed
local export = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title="How to export", args = {commoncss=args.commoncss or ""}}
content = export .. "\n" .. (content or '')
end
-- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end
-- of docs are interpreted correctly.
return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n'
end

p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle')

function p._contentTitle(args, env)
env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
local docTitle = env.docTitle
if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
return docTitle.prefixedText
else
return ''
end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox')

function p._endBox(args, env)
--[=[
-- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box).
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
--
--]=]

-- Get environment data.
env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
local docTitle = env.docTitle
if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then
return nil
end

-- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end
-- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the
-- user, module or template namespaces.
local linkBox = args['link box']
if linkBox == 'off'
or not (
docTitle.exists
or subjectSpace == 2
or subjectSpace == 828
or subjectSpace == 10
)
then
return nil
end

-- Assemble the link box.
local text = ''
if linkBox then
text = text .. linkBox
else
text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]."
if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then
-- We are in the user, template or module namespaces.
-- Add sandbox and testcases links.
-- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages."
text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />'
if not args.content and not args[1] then
-- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage."
-- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page,
-- as then it is unclear where to add the categories.
text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '')
end
text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template"
end
end

local box = mw.html.create('div')
-- 'documentation-metadata'
box:attr('role', 'note')
:addClass(message('end-box-class'))
-- 'plainlinks'
:addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks'))
:wikitext(text)
:done()

return '\n' .. tostring(box)
end

function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env)
--[=[
-- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)".
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
--
-- Messages:
-- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit'
-- 'history-link-display' --> 'history'
-- 'transcluded-from-blurb' -->
-- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]]
-- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.'
-- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
-- 'create-link-display' --> 'create'
-- 'create-module-doc-blurb' -->
-- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].'
--]=]
local docTitle = env.docTitle
if not docTitle then
return nil
end
local ret
if docTitle.exists then
-- /doc exists; link to it.
local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText)
local editUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}
local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display')
local editLink = makeUrlLink(editUrl, editDisplay)
local historyUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'}
local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display')
local historyLink = makeUrlLink(historyUrl, historyDisplay)
ret = message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink})
.. ' '
.. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink)
.. '<br />'
elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then
-- /doc does not exist; ask to create it.
local createUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')}
local createDisplay = message('create-link-display')
local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay)
ret = message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink})
.. '<br />'
end
return ret
end

function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env)
--[[
-- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages."
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
--
-- Messages:
-- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox'
-- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit'
-- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff'
-- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox'
-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
-- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create'
-- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1'
-- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror'
-- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror'
-- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox'
-- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases'
-- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit'
-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create'
-- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases'
-- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit'
-- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases'
-- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases'
-- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.'
-- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.'
--]]
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle
local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText
if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then
return nil
end
-- Make links.
local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks
if sandboxTitle.exists then
local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText
local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display')
local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay)
local sandboxEditUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}
local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display')
local sandboxEditLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxEditUrl, sandboxEditDisplay)
local compareUrl = env.compareUrl
local compareLink
if compareUrl then
local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display')
compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)
end
sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink)
else
local sandboxPreload
if subjectSpace == 828 then
sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload')
else
sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload')
end
local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload}
local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display')
local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay)
local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)})
local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload')
local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary}
if subjectSpace == 828 then
mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary}
end
local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display')
local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay)
sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink)
end
if testcasesTitle.exists then
local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText
local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display')
local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay)
local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}
local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display')
local testcasesEditLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesEditUrl, testcasesEditDisplay)
-- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists
if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then
local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display')
local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)
testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink)
else
testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink)
end
else
local testcasesPreload
if subjectSpace == 828 then
testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload')
else
testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload')
end
local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload}
local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display')
local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay)
testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink)
end
local messageName
if subjectSpace == 828 then
messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module'
else
messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template'
end
return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks})
end

function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env)
--[[
-- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage."
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
-- Messages:
-- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc'
-- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.'
--]]
local docTitle = env.docTitle
if not docTitle then
return nil
end
local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display'))
return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink})
end

function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env)
--[[
-- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link.
-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment

-- Messages:
-- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template'
-- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module'
-- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page'
-- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1'
--]]
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then
return nil
end
local pagetype
if subjectSpace == 10 then
pagetype = message('template-pagetype')
elseif subjectSpace == 828 then
pagetype = message('module-pagetype')
else
pagetype = message('default-pagetype')
end
local subpagesLink = makeWikilink(
'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/',
message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype})
)
return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink})
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking categories
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.addTrackingCategories(env)
--[[
-- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page.
-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment

-- Messages:
-- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true
-- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc'
-- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases'
-- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage'
--
-- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have
-- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically.
--]]
local title = env.title
local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
if not title or not subjectSpace then
return nil
end
local subpage = title.subpageText
local ret = ''
if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean')
and (
subpage == message('doc-subpage')
or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage')
)
then
ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category'))
end
return ret
end

return p

Template:Citation error

2025-03-28T18:59:46Z

Luke: 1 revision imported from :mirahezedev:Template:Citation_error

<includeonly><span style="font-size:100%" class="error">Error: {{{1|an error occurred}}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}| when using {{tl|{{{2}}}}}}}</span>{{#ifeq:{{{nocat|}}}|true||{{Namespace detect showall
|1={{#if: {{{cat|}}}|[[Category:{{{cat}}}]]|[[Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
|2={{#if: {{{cat|}}}|[[Category:{{{cat}}}]]|[[Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax|τ{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
|main=1
|category=2
|file=2
|help=2
|template=2}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>

Module:String

2025-03-28T18:58:05Z

Luke: 1 revision imported from :mirahezedev:Module:String

--[[

This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions.

Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters,
unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will
automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter.
Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or
remove such whitespace.

Global options
ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in
an empty string being returned rather than an error message.

error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to
include with the error message. The default category is
[Category:Errors reported by Module String].

no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error
is generated.

Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests.
]]

local str = {}

--[[
len

This function returns the length of the target string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}}

Parameters
s: The string whose length to report

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string.
]]
function str.len( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} )
local s = new_args['s'] or ''
return mw.ustring.len( s )
end

--[[
sub

This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}}

Parameters
s: The string to return a subset of
i: The fist index of the substring to return, defaults to 1.
j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character.

The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1. If either i or j
is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by
counting from the end of the string. Hence, a value of -1 is the same as
selecting the last character of the string.

If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is
reported.
]]
function str.sub( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } )
local s = new_args['s'] or ''
local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1
local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1

local len = mw.ustring.len( s )

-- Convert negatives for range checking
if i < 0 then
i = len + i + 1
end
if j < 0 then
j = len + j + 1
end

if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 then
return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' )
end
if j < i then
return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' )
end

return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j )
end

--[[
This function implements that features of {{str sub old}} and is kept in order
to maintain these older templates.
]]
function str.sublength( frame )
local i = tonumber( frame.args.i ) or 0
local len = tonumber( frame.args.len )
return mw.ustring.sub( frame.args.s, i + 1, len and ( i + len ) )
end

--[[
_match

This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a
specified pattern. It is exported for use in other modules

Usage:
strmatch = require("Module:String")._match
sresult = strmatch( s, pattern, start, match, plain, nomatch )

Parameters
s: The string to search
pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string
start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first
character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1.
match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single
string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is
match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned
counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting
the last match. Defaults to 1.
plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain
text. Defaults to false.
nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error.

For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see:

* http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns

]]
-- This sub-routine is exported for use in other modules
function str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch )
if s == '' then
return str._error( 'Target string is empty' )
end
if pattern == '' then
return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' )
end
start = tonumber(start) or 1
if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) then
return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' )
end
if match_index == 0 then
return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' )
end
if plain_flag then
pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern )
end

local result
if match_index == 1 then
-- Find first match is simple case
result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start )
else
if start > 1 then
s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start )
end

local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern)
if match_index > 0 then
-- Forward search
for w in iterator do
match_index = match_index - 1
if match_index == 0 then
result = w
break
end
end
else
-- Reverse search
local result_table = {}
local count = 1
for w in iterator do
result_table[count] = w
count = count + 1
end

result = result_table[ count + match_index ]
end
end

if result == nil then
if nomatch == nil then
return str._error( 'Match not found' )
else
return nomatch
end
else
return result
end
end

--[[
match

This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a
specified pattern.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|match|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index
|match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}}

Parameters
s: The string to search
pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string
start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first
character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1.
match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single
string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is
match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned
counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting
the last match. Defaults to 1.
plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain
text. Defaults to false.
nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error.

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from each string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then
this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found.
If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and
an empty string will be returned on any failure.

For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see:

* http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns

]]
-- This is the entry point for #invoke:String|match
function str.match( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} )
local s = new_args['s'] or ''
local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1
local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false )
local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or ''
local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 )
local nomatch = new_args['nomatch']

return str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch )
end

--[[
pos

This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}}

Parameters
target: The string to search
pos: The index for the character to return

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

The first character has an index value of 1.

If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards
from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character.

A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error.
]]
function str.pos( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} )
local target_str = new_args['target'] or ''
local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0

if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then
return str._error( 'String index out of range' )
end

return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos )
end

--[[
find

This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
source: The string to search
target: The string or pattern to find within source
start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1
plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain
text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the parameter. In some circumstances this is desirable, in
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found
within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this
function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this
function also returns 0.

This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings.
]]
function str.find( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } )
local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''
local pattern = new_args['target'] or ''
local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1
local plain = new_args['plain'] or true

if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then
return 0
end

plain = str._getBoolean( plain )

local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain )
if start == nil then
start = 0
end

return start
end

--[[
replace

This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string|
count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
source: The string to search
pattern: The string or pattern to find within source
replace: The replacement text
count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all.
plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain
text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true
]]
function str.replace( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } )
local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''
local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or ''
local replace = new_args['replace'] or ''
local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] )
local plain = new_args['plain'] or true

if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then
return source_str
end
plain = str._getBoolean( plain )

if plain then
pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern )
replace = mw.ustring.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ) --Only need to escape replacement sequences.
end

local result

if count ~= nil then
result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count )
else
result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace )
end

return result
end

--[[
simple function to pipe string.rep to templates.
]]
function str.rep( frame )
local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] )
if not repetitions then
return str._error( 'function rep expects a number as second parameter, received "' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '"' )
end
return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions )
end

--[[
escapePattern

This function escapes special characters from a Lua string pattern. See [1]
for details on how patterns work.

[1] https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|escapePattern|pattern_string}}

Parameters
pattern_string: The pattern string to escape.
]]
function str.escapePattern( frame )
local pattern_str = frame.args[1]
if not pattern_str then
return str._error( 'No pattern string specified' )
end
local result = str._escapePattern( pattern_str )
return result
end

--[[
count
This function counts the number of occurrences of one string in another.
]]
function str.count(frame)
local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'plain'})
local source = args.source or ''
local pattern = args.pattern or ''
local plain = str._getBoolean(args.plain or true)
if plain then
pattern = str._escapePattern(pattern)
end
local _, count = mw.ustring.gsub(source, pattern, '')
return count
end

--[[
endswith
This function determines whether a string ends with another string.
]]
function str.endswith(frame)
local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern'})
local source = args.source or ''
local pattern = args.pattern or ''
if pattern == '' then
-- All strings end with the empty string.
return "yes"
end
if mw.ustring.sub(source, -mw.ustring.len(pattern), -1) == pattern then
return "yes"
else
return ""
end
end

--[[
join

Join all non empty arguments together; the first argument is the separator.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|join|sep|one|two|three}}
]]
function str.join(frame)
local args = {}
local sep
for _, v in ipairs( frame.args ) do
if sep then
if v ~= '' then
table.insert(args, v)
end
else
sep = v
end
end
return table.concat( args, sep or '' )
end

function str.sentenceTerminated( frame )
-- Is string terminated by dot, question or exclamation mark?
-- Quotation, link termination and so on granted
-- Parameter:
-- analyse -- string
-- Returns: true, if sentence terminated
local sentence = frame.args[1]
local PatternTerminated = mw.ustring.char( 91,
12290,
65281,
65294,
65311 )
.. "!%.%?…][\"'%]‹›«»‘’“”]*$"
if mw.ustring.find( sentence, PatternTerminated ) then
return "yes"
end
end

--[[
Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of
named and unnamed parameters. This is relevant because named parameters are not
identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings
we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application.
]]
function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list )
local new_args = {}
local index = 1
local value

for _, arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do
value = frame_args[arg]
if value == nil then
value = frame_args[index]
index = index + 1
end
new_args[arg] = value
end

return new_args
end

--[[
Helper function to handle error messages.
]]
function str._error( error_str )
local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String'
local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false
local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false

if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then
return ''
end

local error_str = '<strong class="error">String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '</strong>'
if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then
error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str
end

return error_str
end

--[[
Helper Function to interpret boolean strings
]]
function str._getBoolean( boolean_str )
local boolean_value

if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then
boolean_str = boolean_str:lower()
if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0'
or boolean_str == '' then
boolean_value = false
else
boolean_value = true
end
elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then
boolean_value = boolean_str
else
error( 'No boolean value found' )
end
return boolean_value
end

--[[
Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated
as plain text.
]]
function str._escapePattern( pattern_str )
return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, "([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])", "%%%1" )
end

return str

Template:Cite news

2025-03-28T14:51:13Z

Luke: 1 revision imported from :mirahezedev:Template:Cite_news: import useful template

<includeonly>{{
#if: {{{archiveurl|}}}{{{archivedate|}}}
| {{#if: {{#if: {{{archiveurl|}}}| {{#if: {{{archivedate|}}} |1}}}}
||<div style="border:1px solid red; background-color:#ffdab9; display:table;">
You must specify '''''archiveurl=''''' and '''''archivedate=''' when using {{tl|cite news}}.
</div>{{
#if: {{NAMESPACE}}||
[[Category:Articles with broken citations]]
}}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{title|}}}
|{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
| {{#if: {{{authorlink|}}}
| [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: {{{last|}}}
| {{{last}}}{{#if: {{{first|}}} | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}]]
| {{#if: {{{last|}}}
| {{{last}}}{{#if: {{{first|}}} | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
| {{#if: {{{coauthors|}}} | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}
}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
| {{#if: {{{date|}}}
|  ({{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}|{{{date}}}|{{{date}}}|{{{date}}}}}) }}
}}{{#if: {{{last|}}}{{{author|}}}
| . }}{{#if: {{{curly|}}}|“|"
}}{{#if: {{{archiveurl|}}}
| [{{{archiveurl}}} {{{title}}}]
| {{#if: {{{url|}}}
| [{{{url}}} {{{title}}}]
| {{{title}}}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{curly|}}}|”|"}}{{#if: {{{format|}}} |  ({{{format}}})
}}{{#if:{{{language|}}}
|  (in {{{language}}})
}}{{#if: {{{agency|}}}
| , {{{agency}}}}}{{#if: {{{work|}}}
| , ''{{{work}}}''{{#if: {{{location|}}} | ({{{location}}})}}}}{{#if: {{{publisher|}}}
| , {{{publisher}}}
}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
| | {{#if: {{{date|}}}
|  ({{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}|{{{date}}}|{{{date}}}|{{{date}}}}}) }}
}}{{#if: {{{pages|}}}
| , pp. {{{pages}}}
|{{#if: {{{page|}}}
| , p. {{{page}}}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{id|}}}
| . {{{id}}}
}}{{#if: {{{accessdate|}}}
| <span class=reference-accessdate>. Retrieved on {{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{accessdate}}}}}|{{{accessdate}}}|{{#time:j F Y|{{{accessdate}}}}}|{{{accessdate}}}}}{{#if: {{{accessyear|}}} | , {{{accessyear}}} }}</span>
}}{{#if: {{{accessmonthday|}}}
| <span class=reference-accessdate>. Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}{{#if: {{{accessyear|}}} | , {{{accessyear}}} }}</span>
}}{{#if: {{{accessdaymonth|}}}
| <span class=reference-accessdate>. Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}}{{#if: {{{accessyear|}}} |  {{{accessyear}}} }}</span>
}}.{{#if: {{{archivedate|}}}
|  Archived from [{{{url}}} the original] on {{#ifeq:{{#time:Y-m-d|{{{archivedate}}}}}|{{{archivedate}}}|{{#time:j F Y|{{{archivedate}}}}}|{{{archivedate}}}}}.
}}{{ #if: {{{quote|}}}
|  "{{{quote}}}"
}}|Template error: argument '''title''' is required.}}<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt={{urlencode:info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dc}}&rft.type=newspaperArticle&rft.subject=News{{#if: {{{first|}}} | &rft.aufirst={{urlencode:{{{first}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{last|}}} | &rft.aulast={{urlencode:{{{last}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{author|}}} | &rft.au={{urlencode:{{{author}}}}} }}&rft.title={{urlencode:{{{title|}}}}}{{#if: {{{url|}}} | &rft.identifier={{urlencode:{{{url}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{format|}}} | &rft.format={{urlencode:{{{format}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{agency|}}} | &rft.source={{urlencode:{{{agency}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{work|}}} | &rft.source={{urlencode:{{{work}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{publisher|}}} | &rft.publisher={{urlencode:{{{publisher}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pages|}}} | &rft.pages={{urlencode:{{{pages}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{page|}}} | &rft.spage={{urlencode:{{{page}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{date|}}} | &rft.date={{urlencode:{{{date}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{language|}}} | &rft.language={{urlencode:{{{language}}}}} }}"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Cite web

2025-03-28T14:47:59Z

Luke: temp rm doc

<includeonly>{{
#if: {{#if: {{{url|}}} | {{#if: {{{title|}}} |1}}}}
||You must specify '''''title = ''''' and '''''url = ''''' when using {{[[Template:cite web|cite web]]}}.
{{#if: {{NAMESPACE}}|| [[Category:Articles with broken citations]]}}
}}{{
#if: {{{archiveurl|}}}{{{archivedate|}}}
| {{#if: {{#if: {{{archiveurl|}}}| {{#if: {{{archivedate|}}} |1}}}}
||You must specify '''''archiveurl = ''''' and '''''archivedate = ''''' when using {{[[Template:cite web|cite web]]}}.
{{#if: {{NAMESPACE}}|| [[Category:Articles with broken citations]]}}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
| {{#if: {{{authorlink|}}}
| [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: {{{last|}}}
| {{{last}}}{{#if: {{{first|}}} | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}]]
| {{#if: {{{last|}}}
| {{{last}}}{{#if: {{{first|}}} | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
| {{#if: {{{coauthors|}}}| <nowiki>;</nowiki> {{{coauthors}}} }}
}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}|
{{#if: {{{date|}}}
|  ({{{date}}})
| {{#if: {{{year|}}}
| {{#if: {{{month|}}}
|  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
|  ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
|}}
}}{{#if: {{{last|}}}{{{author|}}}
| . }}{{
#if: {{{editor|}}}
|  {{{editor}}}:
}}"{{#if: {{{archiveurl|}}}
| {{#if: {{{archiveurl|}}} | {{#if: {{{title|}}} | [{{{archiveurl}}} {{{title}}}] }}}}
| {{#if: {{{url|}}} | {{#if: {{{title|}}} | [{{{url}}} {{{title}}}] }}}}
}}"{{#if: {{{format|}}} |  ({{{format}}})
}}{{#if:{{{language|}}}
|  (in {{{language}}})
}}{{#if: {{{work|}}}
| . ''{{{work}}}''
}}{{#if: {{{pages|}}}
|  {{{pages}}}
}}{{#if: {{{publisher|}}}
| .  {{#if: {{{location|}}}
| {{{location}}}: 
}} {{{publisher}}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
|
| {{#if: {{{date|}}}{{{year|}}}{{{month|}}} || }}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{author|}}}{{{last|}}}
||{{#if: {{{date|}}}
|  ({{{date}}})
| {{#if: {{{year|}}}
| {{#if: {{{month|}}}
|  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
|  ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
}}
}}.{{#if: {{{archivedate|}}}
|  Archived from [{{{url}}} the original] on {{{archivedate}}}.
}}{{#if: {{{doi|}}}
|  [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[http://dx.doi.org/{{{doi|{{{doilabel|}}}}}} {{{doi}}}].
}}{{#if: {{{accessdate|}}}
|  Retrieved on {{{accessdate}}}{{#if: {{{accessyear|}}} | , {{{accessyear}}} }}.
}}{{#if: {{{accessmonthday|}}}
|  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}{{#if: {{{accessyear|}}} | , {{{accessyear}}} }}.
}}{{#if: {{{accessdaymonth|}}}
|  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}}{{#if: {{{accessyear|}}} |  {{{accessyear}}} }}.
}}{{#if: {{{quote|}}}
|  "{{{quote}}}"
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
</noinclude>

Template:Cite web

2025-03-28T14:45:30Z

Luke: dummy edit

Android OS

2025-03-28T14:18:31Z

Luke: fix some errors

[[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)|Android]] is a widely used operating system used by nearly all non-[[Wikipedia:IOS|Apple]] smartphones, including [[Wikipedia:Google Pixel|Google Pixel]], [[Wikipedia:Samsung Galaxy|Samsung Galaxy]], and many more. (Side note, Samsung Galaxy does run on [[Wikipedia:One UI|One UI]] but is still powered by Android)

==UPDATE HISTORY==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Internal codename<ref name="Codenames">{{Cite web |title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers |url=https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |access-date=June 1, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122032/https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Version number(s)
! [[API]] level
! Release date
! Latest security patch date<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android Security Bulletins |url=https://source.android.com/security/bulletin |access-date=February 8, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134818/https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Latest [[Google Play Services]] version<ref>{{cite web |title=Google System Release Notes |url=https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513094036/https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14343500 |url-status=live }}</ref> (release date)
|-
| [[Android 1.0]]
| {{N/A}}
| {{Version|o|1.0}}
| 1
| September 23, 2008
| rowspan="18" {{N/A}}
| rowspan="7" {{N/A}}
|-
| [[Android 1.1]]
| Petit Four
| {{Version|o|1.1}}
| 2
| February 9, 2009
|-
| [[Android Cupcake]]
| Cupcake
| {{Version|o|1.5}}
| 3
| April 27, 2009
|-
| [[Android Donut]]
| Donut
| {{Version|o|1.6}}
| 4
| September 15, 2009
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Eclair]]
| rowspan="3" | Eclair
| {{Version|o|2.0}}
| 5
| October 27, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.0.1}}
| 6
| December 3, 2009
|-
| {{Version|o|2.1}}
| 7
| January 11, 2010<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |title=Android 2.1 SDK |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Android Froyo]]
| Froyo
| {{Version|o|2.2 – 2.2.3}}
| 8
| May 20, 2010
| 3.2.25 (October 2014)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Gingerbread]]
| rowspan="2" | Gingerbread
| {{Version|o|2.3 – 2.3.2}}
| 9
| December 6, 2010
| rowspan="5" | 10.0.84 (November 2016)
|-
| {{Version|o|2.3.3 – 2.3.7}}
| 10
| February 9, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Honeycomb]]
| rowspan="3" | Honeycomb
| {{Version|o|3.0}}
| 11
| February 22, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.1}}
| 12
| May 10, 2011
|-
| {{Version|o|3.2 – 3.2.6}}
| 13
| July 15, 2011
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich]]
| rowspan="2" | Ice Cream Sandwich
| {{Version|o|4.0 – 4.0.2}}
| 14
| October 18, 2011
| rowspan="2" | 14.8.49 (February 2019)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.0.3 – 4.0.4}}
| 15
| December 16, 2011
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Android Jelly Bean]]
| rowspan="3" | Jelly Bean
| {{Version|o|4.1 – 4.1.2}}
| 16
| July 9, 2012
| rowspan="3" | 21.33.56 (September 2021)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.2 – 4.2.2}}
| 17
| November 13, 2012
|-
| {{Version|o|4.3 – 4.3.1}}
| 18
| July 24, 2013
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android KitKat]]
| rowspan="2" | Key Lime Pie
| {{Version|o|4.4 – 4.4.4}}
| 19
| October 31, 2013
| October 2017
| rowspan="2" | 23.30.13 (August 2023)
|-
| {{Version|o|4.4W – 4.4W.2}}
| 20
| June 25, 2014
| {{dunno}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Lollipop]]
| rowspan="2" | Lemon Meringue Pie
| {{Version|o|5.0 – 5.0.2}}
| 21
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 2017
| rowspan="2" |24.28.35 (August 2024)
|-
| {{Version|o|5.1 – 5.1.1}}
| 22
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134720/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| March 2018
|-
| [[Android Marshmallow]]
| Macadamia Nut Cookie
| {{Version|o|6.0 – 6.0.1}}
| 23
| September 29, 2015<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134721/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 2018
| rowspan="13" |25.09.33 (March 2025)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Nougat]]
| rowspan="2" | New York Cheesecake
| {{Version|o|7.0}}
| 24
| August 22, 2016
| August 2019
|-
| {{Version|o|7.1 – 7.1.2}}
| 25
| October 4, 2016
| October 2019
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Android Oreo]]
| rowspan="2" | Oatmeal Cookie
| {{Version|o|8.0}}
| 26
| August 21, 2017
| January 2021
|-
| {{Version|o|8.1}}
| 27
| December 5, 2017
| October 2021
|-
| [[Android Pie]]
| Pistachio Ice Cream<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Steven |title=Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134820/https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|9}}
| 28
| August 6, 2018
| January 2022
|-
| [[Android 10]]
| Quince Tart<ref name="VergeQR">{{cite web |last1=Gartenberg |first1=Chaim |title=Even Android 11 is cake |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |website=The Verge |date=July 23, 2020 |publisher=Vox Media, LLC |access-date=July 27, 2021 |quote=Burke revealed last year that Android Q had been internally known as "Quince Tart" |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217230719/https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|o|10}}
| 29
| September 3, 2019
| February 2023
|-
| [[Android 11]]
| Red Velvet Cake<ref name="VergeQR"/>
| {{Version|o|11}}
| 30
| September 8, 2020
| February 2024
|-
| [[Android 12]]
| Snow Cone
| {{Version|co|12}}
| 31
| October 4, 2021
| rowspan="5" | March 2025
|-
| [[Android 12L]]
| Snow Cone v2
| {{version|co|12.1}}{{efn|name=A12.1|12L launched as part of the March 2022 security update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates display the version as 12.1.<ref name="FactoryImages">{{cite web |access-date=March 31, 2022 |title=Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices |url=https://developers.google.com/android/images |website=Google Developers |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151606/https://developers.google.com/android/images |url-status=live }}</ref> The device's about page will still show the Android version as 12.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Ron |last1=Amadeo |access-date=2023-03-08 |title=Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |date=March 7, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307232151/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| 32
| March 7, 2022
|-
| [[Android 13]]
| Tiramisu
| {{Version|co|13}}
| 33
| August 15, 2022
|-
| [[Android 14]]
| Upside Down Cake<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Android 14 gets official internal codename… Upside Down Cake |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=[[9to5Google]] |date=April 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134822/https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|co|14}}
| 34
| October 4, 2023
|-
| [[Android 15]]
| Vanilla Ice Cream<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cantisano |first1=Timi |title=Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream' |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[XDA Developers]] |date=3 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427135948/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|c|15}}
| 35
| September 3, 2024
|-
| [[Android 16]]
| Baklava<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCullough |first1=Matthew |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=18 November 2024 |archive-date=November 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121185224/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Version|cp|16}} Beta 3<ref name="A16RN">{{cite web |title=Release notes |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |website=Android Developers |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=19 November 2024 |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125091646/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/release-notes |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 36
| March 13, 2025<ref name="A16RN" />
| March 2025<ref name="A16RN" />
| 25.07.33 (February 2025)<ref name="A16RN" />
|-
| colspan="7" | {{Version|l|show=111110}}
|}

==More Info==
=== Android 1.0 ===
{{anchor|Android 1.0|Android 1|1.0}}

Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morrill |first=Dan |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=September 23, 2008 |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |access-date=January 12, 2011 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512135036/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first commercially available Android device was the [[HTC Dream]].<ref name=HTC>{{cite news |publisher=T-Mobile |url=http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |access-date=October 15, 2013 |title=T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016001926/http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |archive-date=October 16, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.0 (API 1)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.0
| September 23, 2008
|
* [[Android Market]], allowing application downloads and updates through the Market application.
* [[Web browser]] to show, zoom and pan full [[HTML]] and [[XHTML]] web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards").<ref name="Engadget">{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |title=T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |publisher=Engadget |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231733/https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0">{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/a/android.com/opensource/release-features---android-1-0 |title=Release features – Android 1.0 |year=2008 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=September 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919041651/https://www.google.com/a/android.com/ServiceLogin?service=jotspot&passive=1209600&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fandroid.com%2Fopensource%2Frelease-features---android-1-0&ul=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone">{{cite news |publisher=PC Magazine |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |title=T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone) |first=Sascha |last=Segan |date=October 16, 2008 |access-date=February 6, 2013 |archive-date=May 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530160849/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |title=Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them |publisher=Android Authority |first=Darcy |last=LaCouvee |date=October 17, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518172012/http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Access to web email servers, supporting [[POP3]], [[IMAP4]], and [[SMTP]].<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* [[Gmail]] synchronization with the Gmail application.
* [[Google Contacts]] synchronization with the People application.
* [[Google Calendar]] synchronization with the Calendar application.
* [[Google Maps]] with [[Google Street View|Street View]] to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using [[GPS]].<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* [[Google Sync]], allowing management of [[Over the Air|over-the-air]] synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar.
* [[Google Search]], allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.
* [[Google Talk]] instant messaging.
* [[Instant messaging]], [[text messaging]], and MMS.
* [[Media player (application software)|Media Player]], enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo [[Bluetooth]] support.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.<ref name="Engadget"/><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |title=Status Bar Notifications |publisher=Android Developers |date=May 24, 2012 |access-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613233007/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets.
* [[YouTube]] video player.<ref name="Android for Dummies">{{cite web |url=http://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |title=What is Android? |date=September 18, 2008 |publisher=TechPluto.com |access-date=June 28, 2013 |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023184321/https://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.
* [[Wi-Fi]] and Bluetooth support.
|}

=== Android 1.1 ===
{{anchor|Android 1.1}}

On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as "[[Petit four|Petit Four]]" internally, though this name was not used officially.<ref name="unofficial_and_official_codenames"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Android Platform Overview |url=http://source.android.com/source/overview.html |publisher=Android Source |access-date=September 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922202532/https://source.android.com/source/overview.html|archive-date=September 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The update resolved bugs, changed the Android [[Application programming interface|API]] and added a number of features:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |title=Android 1.1 Version Notes |date=February 2009 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=April 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221194031/https://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |archive-date=February 21, 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.1 (API 2)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.1
| February 9, 2009
|
* Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps.
* Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad.
* Ability to save attachments in messages.
* Support added for marquee in system layouts.
|}

=== Android 1.5 Cupcake ===
{{Main|Android Cupcake}}
{{anchor|Android 1.5|Android Cupcake|Cupcake|1.5}}

On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on [[Linux kernel]] 2.6.27.<ref name="cupcake-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |title=Android 1.5 is here! |date=April 27, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=September 3, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095047/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rob |first=Jackson |title=CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK! |date=April 30, 2009 |url=http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |publisher=Phandroid |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504130749/http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme used for all releases until [[Android 9 Pie|Android Pie]], with [[Android 10]] and later using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:<ref name="cupcake-highlights">{{cite web |date=April 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |title=Android 1.5 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=September 3, 2009 |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901200518/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.5
| April 27, 2009<ref name="cupcake-is-here"/>
|
* Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words.
* Support for [[Widget engine|Widgets]] – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |title=App Widgets |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |access-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024060808/https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Video recording and playback in [[MPEG-4]] and 3GP formats.
* Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles).
* Copy and paste features in web browser.
* User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts.
* Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event.
* Animated screen transitions.
* Auto-rotation option.
* New stock boot animation.
* Ability to upload videos to YouTube.
* Ability to upload photos to [[Picasa]].
* Ability to check phone usage history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/ |title=Phone Usage History |publisher=101 Android |year=2017|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-date=February 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223191108/https://101android.com/view-phone-usage-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 1.6 Donut ===
{{Main|Android Donut}}
{{anchor|Android 1.6|Android Donut|Donut|1.6}}

On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.<ref name="Word-highlights" /><ref name="Word-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |title=Android 1.6 SDK is here |date=September 15, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925095011/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Paul |title=Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2 |date=October 1, 2009 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |work=Ars Technica |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002105348/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |archive-date=October 2, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Included in the update were numerous new features:<ref name="Word-highlights">{{cite web |title=Android 1.6 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |date=September 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430191552/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 1.6
| September 15, 2009<ref name="Word-is-here"/>
|
* Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web.
* Ability for developers to include their content in search results.
* Multi-lingual [[speech synthesis]] engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text.
* Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market.
* Gallery, Camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access.
* Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion.
* Updated technology support for [[IS-95|CDMA]]/[[Evolution-Data Optimized|EVDO]], [[IEEE 802.1X|802.1x]], [[virtual private network|VPNs]], and a text-to-speech engine.
* Support for [[Wide VGA|WVGA]] screen resolutions.
* Speed improvements in searching and camera applications.
* Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.
|}

=== Android 2.0 Eclair ===
{{Main|Android Eclair}}
{{Anchor|Android 2.0|Android Eclair|Eclair|Android 2|2.0}}

On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed [[Éclair|Eclair]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |title=Android 2.0, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes include the ones listed below.<ref name="eclair-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |title=Android 2.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0
| October 27, 2009<ref name="android-developers.googleblog.com">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |title=Announcing Android 2.0 support in the SDK! |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031125134/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/10/announcing-android-20-support-in-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts.
* [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page.
* Bluetooth 2.1 support.
* Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person.
* Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached.
* Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus.
* Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions.
* Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for [[HTML5]].
* Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events.
* Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI.
* Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio.
* Improved [[Google Maps]] 3.1.2.
* MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 2.0 API Changes Summary |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html#api-changes |access-date=March 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030044736/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Force Touch|Pressure-sensitive touch]] support in [[application programming interface|API]], even though no according hardware existed at that time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Force Touch? Android has had that for years |url=https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |website=Pocketnow |access-date=June 13, 2021 |date=September 7, 2015 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://pocketnow.com/force-touch-android-has-had-that-for-years |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MotionEvent § getPressure() |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613183953/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/MotionEvent.html#getPressure() |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.
|}

==== Android 2.0.1 Eclair ====
{{anchor|Android 2.0.1|2.0.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.0.1
| December 3, 2009<ref name = "2.0.1 SDK">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |title=Android 2.0.1, Release 1 SDK |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115003947/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |archive-date=January 15, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.
|}

==== Android 2.1 Eclair ====
{{anchor|Android 2.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.1
| January 11, 2010<ref name="2.1 SDK">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |title=Android 2.1, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114194657/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |archive-date=January 14, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|
* Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes.
|}

=== Android 2.2 Froyo ===
{{Main|Android Froyo}}
{{anchor|Android 2.2|Android Froyo|Froyo|2.2}}

On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for [[frozen yogurt]]) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.<ref name="froyo-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |work=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.2 and developers goodies |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512013526/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.2
| May 20, 2010
|
* Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |title=Unofficially Confirmed Froyo Features, Post-Day-1 Of Google I/O |date=May 20, 2010 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501015836/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Additional application speed improvements, implemented through [[Just-in-time compilation|JIT compilation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |title=Nexus One Is Running Android 2.2 Froyo. How Fast Is It Compared To 2.1? Oh, Only About 450% Faster |publisher=Android Police |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801040059/http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Integration of [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]'s [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8 JavaScript engine]] into the Browser application.
* Support for the [[Android Cloud to Device Messaging]] (C2DM) service, enabling [[Push technology|push notifications]].
* Improved [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harbor |title=Android now fully supports Exchange |url=https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |website=harborcomputerservices.net |access-date=September 11, 2010 |date=June 29, 2010 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135753/https://www.harborcomputerservices.net/android-now-fully-supports-exchange/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications.
* USB tethering and [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] functionality<ref name="wired sorrel 2010">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |title=Android 2.2 'Froyo' Features USB, Wi-Fi Tethering |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=May 13, 2010 |access-date=February 14, 2013 |author=Sorrel, Charlie |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106224423/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Option to disable data access over a mobile network.
* Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features"/>
* Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries.
* Support for [[Bluetooth]]-enabled car and desk docks.
* Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords.
* Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |title=Browser support for file upload field is coming in Froyo |access-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320120623/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only.
* Support for installing applications to expandable memory.
* [[Adobe Flash]] support.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |title=Google's Andy Rubin on Everything Android |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 20, 2010 |first=Brad |last=Stone |date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430192951/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Support for high-[[Pixel density|PPI]] displays (up to 320 ppi), such as four-inch [[720p]] screens.<ref name="multiple-screens">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 8, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.
|-
| 2.2.1
| September 27, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135742/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements.
|-
| 2.2.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135743/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the [[Nexus One]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |title=Nexus One gets tiny update to Android 2.2.2, fixes SMS routing issues |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/22/nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms/ |access-date=November 17, 2011 |publisher=Engadget |date=January 22, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135748/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-01-22-nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms.html%26tbla_id%3Db8801a67-ee65-488a-8ce7-a9677f4e6876-tuctc9d6ddb%26gam_id%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-vEZQfbNE2uLaKjAB0lE7iYBpOYMIKf.u%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1DUm1OUC5sRTJ1RTdhelFfNDJjT1g3R3BabVlwZGJIQX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-9B3bUgFE2uLe_tF8l4JDw9mOQ_CWu5.o%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2.2.3
| November 21, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.2.3 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173218/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Two security updates.
|}

=== Android 2.3 Gingerbread ===
{{Main|Android Gingerbread}}
{{anchor|Android 2.3|Gingerbread|Android Gingerbread|2.3}}

On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.<ref name="gingerbread-highlights" /><ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |publisher=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |access-date=December 7, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101227190245/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |archive-date=December 27, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Changes included:<ref name="gingerbread-highlights">{{cite web |date=December 6, 2010 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |title=Android 2.3 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=December 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101210235053/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |archive-date=December 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3
| December 6, 2010<ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog" />
|
* Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed.
* Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions ([[WXGA (graphics)|WXGA]] and higher).<ref name="multiple-screens"/>
* Native support for [[Session Initiation Protocol|SIP]] [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] internet telephones.
* Faster, more intuitive text input on a virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode.
* Enhanced [[cut, copy, and paste|copy/paste]] functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-holding, copying, and pasting.
* Support for [[Near Field Communication]] (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement.
* New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost.
* New [[Download Manager]], giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application.
* Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available.
* Support for [[WebM]]/VP8 video playback, and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio encoding.
* Improved [[power management]] with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long.
* Enhanced support for native code development.
* Switched from [[YAFFS]] to [[ext4]] on newer devices.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |title=Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread |publisher=Linux Foundation |first=Theodore |last=Ts'o |date=December 12, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528064125/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |archive-date=May 28, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |title=Saving Data Safely |author=Tim Bray |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=December 19, 2010 |access-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727234704/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers.
* Concurrent [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] for increased performance.
* Native support for more sensors (such as [[gyroscope]]s and [[barometer]]s).
* First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.
|-
| 2.3.1
| December 22, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135846/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
|-
| 2.3.2
| January 21, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135758/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
|}

==== Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread ====
{{Anchor|Android 2.3.3|2.3.3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 2.3.3
| February 9, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform, New NFC Capabilities |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2011/02/android-233-platform-new-nfc.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Several improvements and API fixes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform |publisher=Android Developers |year=2011|access-date=November 19, 2012|archive-date=June 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613232731/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2.3.4
| April 28, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.3.4 source tag |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929174948/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Support for voice or video chat using [[Google Talk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |title=Video Chat on Your Android Phone |date=April 28, 2011 |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |access-date=April 18, 2013 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128144225/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Accessory Library 2.3.4 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=August 3, 2012 |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805081044/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Abhijoy |url=http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |title=Is it Java that weakened Android's SSL security? |publisher=Muktware |date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-date=October 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026181842/http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |title=Why Android SSL was downgraded from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5 in late 2010 |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=op-co.de |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105221353/http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Fixed a spontaneous reboot on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
|-
| 2.3.5
| July 25, 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114135849/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improved network performance for the [[Nexus S]] 4G, among other fixes and improvements.
* Fixed a Bluetooth bug on [[Samsung Galaxy S (2010 smartphone)|Samsung Galaxy S]].
* Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on [[Samsung Galaxy S Plus]].
* Improved the Gmail application.
* Shadow animations for list scrolling.
* Camera software enhancements.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arghire |first=Ionut |title=Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |publisher=Softpedia.com |access-date=December 1, 2011 |archive-date=December 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204034344/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved battery efficiency.
|-
| 2.3.6
| September 2, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |title=Nexus S Ushers-In Android 2.3.6, But Does It Fix Or Cause Bugs? |publisher=pocketnow |date=September 2, 2011 |access-date=August 4, 2014 |author=Stephen Schenck |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017014023/http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
* Fixed a voice search bug.{{Efn|The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |title=Android 2.3.6 Gingerbread Update For Nexus S Available (Wi-Fi And Tethering Fix) |publisher=Addictive Tips |date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Ali Waqas |archive-date=December 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212004046/http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |title=Google Samsung Nexus S Gets Android 2.3.6 Update |publisher=PocketNow |date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011 |author=Anton D. Nagy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230132748/http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |archive-date=December 30, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|-
| 2.3.7
| September 21, 2011
|
* [[Google Wallet]] support for the Nexus S 4G.
|}

=== Android 3.0 Honeycomb ===
{{Main|Android Honeycomb}}
{{Anchor|Android 3.0|Android Honeycomb|Honeycomb|Android 3|3.0}}

On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first [[tablet computer|tablet]]-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.<ref name="honeycomb-highlights"/><ref name="honeycomb-sneak-peek">{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |title=A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb |first=Andy |last=Rubin |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110108061358/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |archive-date=January 8, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="3.0-release">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |title=Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |author=Xavier Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=February 22, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110305143408/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |archive-date=March 5, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |title=Google's Android Event Analysis |author=Mithun Chandrasekhar |publisher=AnandTech |date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |quote=I confirmed this with Google; Honeycomb, at least in the current form, will not be coming to non-tablet devices. |archive-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205210127/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first device featuring this version, the [[Motorola Xoom]] tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa/ |title=Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2 |author=Nilay Patel |publisher=Engadget |date=January 26, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2011 |archive-date=February 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204085801/http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa? |url-status=live }}</ref> The update's features included:<ref name="honeycomb-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |title=Android 3.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216200154/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |archive-date=February 16, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.0
| February 22, 2011<ref name="3.0-release"/>
|
* Optimized tablet support with a new "holographic" user interface (removed again the following year with version 4.2).<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* New Easter egg, an image of a [[Tron]]-themed bumblebee.
* Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen.
* Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen.
* Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another.
* Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
* Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface.
* Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new "incognito" mode allowing somewhat anonymous browsing.
* Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features.
* Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos.
* New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts.
* New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages.
* Hardware acceleration.
* Support for [[multi-core processor]]s.
* Ability to encrypt all user data.
* HTTPS stack improved with [[Server Name Indication]] (SNI).
* [[Filesystem in Userspace]] (FUSE; kernel module).
* Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat">{{cite web |last=Ho |first=Joshua |title=Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4 |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |work=Anandtech |access-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328131328/http://anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="androidpolice-sdcards">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |title=External Blues: Google Has Brought Big Changes To SD Cards In KitKat, And Even Samsung Is Implementing Them |date=February 17, 2014 |author=Cody Toombs |access-date=February 20, 2014 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221100831/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 3.1 Honeycomb ====
{{anchor|Android 3.1|3.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.1
| May 10, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |title=Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools |date=May 10, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=May 10, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511072447/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
* UI refinements.
* Connectivity for USB accessories ([[USB On-The-Go]]).
* Expanded Recent Applications list.
* Resizable Home screen widgets.
* Support for external keyboards and pointing devices.
* Support for joysticks and gamepads.
* Support for [[FLAC]] audio playback.<ref name="Android-Media-Formats">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |title=Android Supported Media Formats |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=March 30, 2012 |archive-date=March 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311121312/http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |title=Issue 1461 – Android – FLAC file support enhancement request. |access-date=August 5, 2011 |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410001003/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off.
* Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.
|}

==== Android 3.2 Honeycomb ====
{{anchor|Android 3.2|3.2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 3.2
| July 15, 2011<ref name="Ducrohet">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |title=Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools |date=July 15, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090730/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets.
* Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization.
* Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions.
* New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.<ref name="Android Developers">{{cite web |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2 |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |access-date=February 18, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128224652/http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 3.2.1
| September 20, 2011
|
* Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements.
* Update to [[Android Market]] with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text.
* Update to [[Google Books]].
* Improved [[Adobe Flash]] support in browser.
* Improved [[Chinese language|Chinese]] handwriting prediction.
|-
| 3.2.2
| September 30, 2011
|
* Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G.
|-
| 3.2.4
| December 15, 2011
|
* Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.
|-
| 3.2.6
| February 15, 2012
|
* Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of Airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom.
|}

=== Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich ===
{{Main|Android Ice Cream Sandwich}}
{{anchor|Android 4.0|Ice Cream Sandwich|Android Ice Cream Sandwich|Android 4|4.0}}

The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,<ref>{{cite web |last=Maroger |title=Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1 |url=http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |publisher=[[Blogspot]] |work=Fine Oils |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926170532/http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was publicly released on October 19, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available |publisher=Social Barrel |first=Francis |last=Rey |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908152338/http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |title=Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too) |publisher=Engadget |first=Tim |last=Stevens |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825184314/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[source code]] for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |title=Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable |publisher=AndroidGuys |first=Vincent |last=Messina |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922033259/http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support [[Adobe Systems]]' [[Flash player#Mobile platforms|Flash player]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |title=Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android |publisher=WebProNews |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=February 7, 2013 |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130212639/http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> The update introduced numerous new features:<ref name="ics-release">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/18/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore |publisher=Engadget |first=Brad |last=Molen |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141807/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2011-10-18-android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official.html%26tbla_id%3D291617d0-ae7b-4f64-a3ab-2d9c87337e65-tuctc9d729d%26gam_id%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-Dg48dZ5E2uL0jTg1pU87JdyUKqk5Bqxu%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1xMElGWXRORTJ1RWJBTHF3SFM2Tl9kRWV1bVE4cnB0b35B%26ydsp%3Dy-sZGCizFE2uJUefsPeUXcKYwdxKNrsV3C%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-19736_7-20122331-251/ice-cream-sandwich-adds-tons-of-new-features/?tag=mncol;txt |title=Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features |publisher=CNET |first=Kent |last=German |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |title=A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown |publisher=Tech Crunch |first=Chris |last=Velazco |date=October 18, 2011 |access-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728060204/http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0
| October 18, 2011<ref name="ics-release"/>
|
* Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with the new [[Roboto]] font family.
* Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones.
* Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications.
* Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style.
* Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages.
* Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the Calendar.
* Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons).
* Improved error correction on the keyboard.
* Ability to access applications directly from the [[lock screen]].
* Improved copy-and-paste functionality.
* Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech-to-text dictation.
* Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using [[facial recognition software]].<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks.
* Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded.
* Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |title=What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List? |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Jason |date=August 20, 2013 |publisher=How-To Geek |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-date=October 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015200044/http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording.
* Built-in photo editor.
* New gallery layout, organized by location and person.
* Refreshed the "People" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images.
* [[Android Beam]], a [[near-field communication]] feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Support for the [[WebP]] image format.<ref name="Android-Media-Formats" />
* Hardware acceleration of the UI.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration |publisher=Phandroid |first=Quentyn |last=Kennemer |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2011 |archive-date=October 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021022202/http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Wi-Fi Direct]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |title=Wi-Fi Direct |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=July 27, 2013 |archive-date=August 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817042707/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[1080p]] video recording for stock Android devices.
* Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.
|-
| 4.0.1
| October 19, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
|-
| 4.0.2
| November 28, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.{{Efn|For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the [[Near-field communication|NFC]] capabilities of the Nexus phone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |title=Verizon's 4G LTE Galaxy Nexus Gets Pictured, Receives Android 4.0.2 Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=November 28, 2011 |access-date=December 8, 2011 |archive-date=December 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207015154/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |title=Within 2 Hours of Activation, Your Galaxy Nexus Will Receive an Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215185645/http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
|}

==== Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich ====
{{anchor|Android 4.0.3|4.0.3}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.0.3
| December 16, 2011<ref name=ICS16Dec2011>[http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719073950/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |date=July 19, 2014 }}. Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.</ref>
|
* Numerous bug fixes and optimizations.
* Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality.
* New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider.
* Calendar provider enhancements.
* New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and [[Quarter Video Graphics Array|QVGA]] resolution.
* Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |title=Android 4.0.3 announced, bringing 'variety of optimizations and bug fixes' to phones and tablets |publisher=Engadget |date=December 16, 2011 |access-date=December 17, 2011 |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102083750/http://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.0.4
| March 28, 2012
|
* Stability improvements.
* Better camera performance.
* Smoother screen rotation.
* Improved phone number recognition.<ref name=ICS29mar2012>[https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329020144/https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 |date=March 29, 2012 }}. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.</ref>
|}

=== Android 4.1 Jelly Bean ===
{{Main|Android Jelly Bean}}
{{anchor|Jelly Bean|Project Butter|Android 4.1|Android Jelly Bean|4.1}}

Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the [[Google I/O]] conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter", which uses touch anticipation, [[Multiple buffering|triple buffering]], extended [[vsync (computing)|vsync]] timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 [[framerate|fps]] to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /> Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the [[Android Open Source Project]] on July 9, 2012,<ref>{{cite web |last=Queru |first=Jean-Baptiste |title=Android 4.1 in AOSP |url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |access-date=July 12, 2012 |archive-date=January 22, 2011 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110122130054/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)|Nexus 7]] tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.1
| July 9, 2012
|
* Smoother user interface:
** Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh.
** Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline.
** CPU input boost.
** Synchronizing touch to vsync timing.
* Enhanced [[accessibility]].
* Bi-directional text and other language support.
* User-installable keyboard maps.
* Expandable notifications.
* TLS v1.1 and v1.2 support added.
* Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis.
* Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens.
* Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam.
* Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.<ref name="android41-differentlayouts">{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes |url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |publisher=ComputerWorld |access-date=July 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119012034/http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Improved camera application.
* Multichannel audio.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |title=Android 4.1 for Developers |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=February 9, 2013 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The [[Fraunhofer FDK AAC]] codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding.
* USB audio (for external sound [[Digital-to-analog converter|DACs]]).<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" />
* Audio chaining (also known as [[gapless playback]]).<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |title=Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files |access-date=November 12, 2012 |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525015225/http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |title=Android 4.1 finally adds gapless music playback to stock music apps |publisher=Pocketables.com |date=June 29, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110090332/http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.
|-
| 4.1.1
| July 9, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141825/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in applications.
|-
| 4.1.2
| October 9, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.1.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521093052/http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 |date=May 21, 2013 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.</ref>
|
* Lock/home screen rotation support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |title=Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices |publisher=GigaOM |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011120521/http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |title=New Feature In Android 4.1.2: Expanding/Collapsing Notifications With One Finger (Video) |publisher=Android Police |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=October 9, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011072628/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bug fixes and performance enhancements.
|}

==== Android 4.2 Jelly Bean ====
{{anchor|Android 4.2|4.2}}

Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in [[New York City]] on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to [[Hurricane Sandy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |title=Monday's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy |publisher=Android Central |date=October 27, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926100214/http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |url-status=live }}</ref> Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan "A new flavor of Jelly Bean". Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google's [[Nexus 4]] and [[Nexus 10]], which were released on November 13, 2012.<ref name="New4.2And">{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |title=Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7 |publisher=Know Your Mobile |date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=November 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117002507/http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |title=Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2 |publisher=IGN |date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141827/https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.2
| November 13, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2">[https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141804/https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere |date=January 14, 2024 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.</ref>
|
* [[Lock screen]] improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014)<ref name="CWnostalgia"/> and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.<ref>[http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030113843/http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 |date=October 30, 2012 }}. TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Notification power controls ("Quick Settings").
* "Daydream" [[screensaver]]s, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to "screen saver" following the launch of the unrelated [[Google Daydream]] VR platform in 2016).<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* Multiple user accounts (tablets only).
* Rewritten [[Bluetooth stack]], switching from [[Bluez]] to [[Broadcom]] open source [[BlueDroid]],<ref name="anand1">{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |title=The Next Version of Android – Some of What's Coming |website=anandtech.com |first=Brian |last=Klug |date=May 19, 2013 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122815/http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming |url-status=live }}</ref> allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display ([[Miracast]]).
* Native [[right-to-left]], always-on [[Virtual Private Network|VPN]] and application verification.<ref name="aosp-jb1">{{cite web |title=Jelly Bean |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |website=Android developer portal |access-date=July 2, 2014 |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128204124/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A new [[Near field communication|NFC]] stack was added at the same time.<ref name="anand1" />
* Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users.
* New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer.
* All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size.
* Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly.
* [[SELinux]] support.
* Premium [[SMS]] confirmation.<ref name="Android Police 4.2 Alpha Teardown">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021032403/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ |date=October 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Group Messaging support.
* Developer options hidden in settings and can be displayed after tapping the Build number 7 times on About phone.
|-
| 4.2.1
| November 27, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141830/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130085348/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ |date=November 30, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.<ref name="December bug">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121185515/http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ |date=November 21, 2012 }}. Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
* Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported [[Human interface device|HIDs]] (Human interface devices).
|-
| 4.2.2
| February 11, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.2">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215033526/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ |date=February 15, 2013 }}. Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.</ref>
|
* Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |title=Android 4.2.2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets |publisher=Ars Technica |date=February 12, 2013 |access-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-date=February 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212200213/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state.
* New download notifications, which now show the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads.
* New sounds for wireless charging and low battery.
* New Gallery application animation allows faster loading.
* USB debug whitelist.
* Bug fixes and performance enhancements.
|}

==== Android 4.3 Jelly Bean ====
{{anchor|Android 4.3|4.3}}

Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan "An even sweeter Jelly Bean" on July 24, 2013, during an event in [[San Francisco]] called "Breakfast with [[Sundar Pichai]]". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the [[Nexus 7 (2nd generation)|second-generation Nexus 7]] tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.<ref name=TomsJuly2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |title=Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today |publisher=Tom's Hardware |date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=July 25, 2013 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003112436/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/08/22/aosp-latest-4-3-fixes/ |title=Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware |publisher=[[Engadget]] |date=August 22, 2013 |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141808/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-08-22-aosp-latest-4-3-fixes.html%26tbla_id%3D447fb467-8d25-454f-82ad-98780acfec34-tuctc9d729f%26gam_id%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-eqLeIpRE2uJ.vUrah5ms6o3fu9Z8svld%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1iUmlHeE1kRTJ1R2NTSG5tYkhzRnVrU0g3emw0eTEwbX5B%26ydsp%3Dy-SJLpaihE2uLvwgj5B5tUS9dk0wj2wjfR%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.3
| July 24, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3">[https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929173309/https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement |date=September 29, 2023 }}. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</ref>
|
* [[Bluetooth Low Energy]] support.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3">[http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html "Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730233815/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html |date=July 30, 2013 }}. Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[AVRCP|Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3]] support.
* [[OpenGL ES#OpenGL ES 3.0|OpenGL ES 3.0]] support, allowing improved game graphics.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Restricted access mode for new user profiles.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Filesystem performance improvement by running the [[Trim (computing)|fstrim]] command while a device is idle.<ref name="EngdtTRIM">[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/30/android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices/ "Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141809/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-30-android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices.html%26tbla_id%3Dd275f044-f810-4e4e-b4b0-2dc43cb31d45-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-xD8ykKpE2uLB04V0irxMKnP08zDBz2ql%7EA%26dv360%3DeS1tVkZ1LjBWRTJ1RUVpdnJON3h0aEQwTVFoNXdxbUVSc35B%26ydsp%3Dy-nSbl59VE2uIt3s8z8x8Yh7ewOVW.GSw_%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately.
* Improvements to Photo Sphere.<ref name="APPhotosphere">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728065835/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.</ref>
* Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.<ref name="4.3Camera">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728012100/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Addition of "[[App Ops]]", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).<ref name="AppOps">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728063247/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ |date=July 28, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[SELinux]] enabled by default.
* [[4K resolution]] support.<ref name="Engdt4K">[https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/26/android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution/ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141812/https://tag.idsync.analytics.yahoo.com/sp-frame.html?referrer=https%3A//opus.analytics.yahoo.com/tag/opus-frame.html%3Freferrer%3Dhttps%3A//www.engadget.com/2013-07-26-android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution.html%26tbla_id%3Dc2fda73b-cf47-40e0-9d41-1f4193094d43-tuctc9d72a0%26gam_id%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26axids%3Dgam%3Dy-8cQTXVlE2uI7XqkakHI8b97yxunxa7_H%7EA%26dv360%3DeS0yT0hfV1ExRTJ1R19JT2Q2bVpBT2NTX2lEM3JMb2htM35B%26ydsp%3Dy-PNeWeWBE2uIf8ODb9T71tFdeHqMq1QZY%7EA%26gdpr%3Dfalse%26gdpr_consent%3D%26gpp%3DDBABBg%7EBVoIgACA.QA%26gpp_sid%3D8%26us_privacy%3D1YNN%26reset_idsync%3D1 |date=January 14, 2024 }}. Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bug fixes.<ref name="AP4.3">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ "An In-Depth Look At The Big (And Small) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726112508/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ |date=July 26, 2013 }}. Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.</ref>
* System-level support for [[geo-fence|geofencing]] and Wi-Fi scanning APIs.
* Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off.
* Developer logging and analyzing enhancements.
* Added support for five more languages.
* Changed [[digital rights management]] (DRM) APIs.
* [[Right-to-left]] (RTL) languages now supported.<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Clock in the status bar disappears if it is selected as a lockscreen widget.
* Native [[emoji]] support.<ref name="CNet_4.3">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/products/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean/ |title=Google Android 4.3 Jelly Bean Release Date, Price and Specs – CNET |author=Jaymar Cabebe |date=July 25, 2013 |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142319/https://www.cnet.com/reviews/google-android-4-3-jelly-bean-preview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.3.1
| October 3, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004055112/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ |date=October 4, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.</ref>
|
* Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE.<ref name="4.3.1changelog">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ "Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009005051/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ |date=October 9, 2013 }}. Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</ref>
|}

=== Android 4.4 KitKat ===
{{Main|Android KitKat}}
{{anchor|KitKat|Android 4.4|Android KitKat|Key Lime Pie|4.4}}

Google announced Android 4.4 [[Kit Kat|KitKat]] on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a [[key lime pie]]."<ref name=KitkatBBC>{{cite news |last=Kelion |first=Leo |title=Android KitKat announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |access-date=September 3, 2013 |work=BBC News |date=September 3, 2013 |archive-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070600/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=TechRadar |url=https://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-5-0-key-lime-pie-release-date-news-and-rumours-1091500 |title=Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142313/https://www.techradar.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> KitKat debuted on Google's [[Nexus 5]] on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google.<ref name="Nexus 5 review">{{cite news |last=Molen |first=Brad |title=Engadget review the Nexus 5 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |publisher=Engadget |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020218/http://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.<ref name="cdd-4.4"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4
| October 31, 2013<ref name="Android 4.4 KitKat">[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031201143/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html |date=October 31, 2013 }}. Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.</ref><ref name="androiddev-44">{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031184317/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue.
* Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
* Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.<ref name="verge-n5handson">{{cite news |title=Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |work=The Verge |author=Bonn, Dieter |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Apps Can Now Go Truly Full-Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2013 |author=David Ruddock |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103011505/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.<ref name="phonearena-overflowgone">{{cite web |title=Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213081334/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Write access disabled for user-installed applications on external storage (i.e. [[MicroSD]]), except for their own directories inside <code>Android/data</code>.<ref>[https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ ''"Got the KitKat SD card blues? Solve the problem with SDFix (root required)"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808155150/https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ |date=August 8, 2021 }} – Android Authority, March 18, 2014 (article includes details of restriction)</ref><ref name="4.4storage">{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/storage/ |title=External Storage | Android Developers |date=May 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509021632/https://source.android.com/devices/storage/|archive-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref>
* Purging of app data directories in user storage (internal user storage and MicroSD) upon uninstallation<ref name="4.4storage"/>
* Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including [[zram|zRAM]] support and "low RAM" device API.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Wireless printing capability.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* NFC [[host card emulation]], enabling a device to replace [[smart card]]s.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* WebViews are now based on the [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] engine (feature parity with [[Google Chrome for Android|Chrome for Android]] 30).
* Expanded functionality for notification listener services.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Public API for developing and managing [[Short Message Service|text messaging]] clients.<ref name="adb-kitkatsms">{{cite web |title=Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Blog |access-date=October 14, 2013 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015024734/http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat"/>
* New framework for UI transitions.
* Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application.
* Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |title=Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110130344/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of [[Android Debug Bridge|ADB]] is required).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |title=How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=January 4, 2014 |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CBS Interactive |work=CNET |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104222416/http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Native [[infrared blaster]] API.
* Verified boot.
* Enforcing [[SELinux]].
* Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level [[closed captioning]] settings.
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) introduced as a new experimental application [[runtime environment]], not enabled by default, as a replacement for the [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] virtual machine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |title=Android Developers: ART and Dalvik |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=March 19, 2015 |website=source.android.com |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315163429/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Message Access Profile|Bluetooth Message Access Profile]] (MAP) support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less |author=David Ruddock |date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=November 2, 2013 |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102201043/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |title=Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps |date=November 2013 |access-date=January 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210214042/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens.
* Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |title=Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation |date=November 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413183216/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |title=Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works |website=code.google.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021095502/https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.1
| December 5, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142414/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+Nexus/posts/YW8sTPpVN8W |title=Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5 |date=December 5, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Google Plus |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142322/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART).
* Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view.
* Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
|-
| 4.4.2
| December 9, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |title=Android 4.4.2 (KOT49H) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices – Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating |date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=December 9, 2013 |author=Artem Russakovskii |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210035532/http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Further security enhancements and bug fixes.
* Removal of the "[[App Ops]]" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |title=Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental |date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=December 14, 2013 |author=Peter Eckersley |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213220101/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.3
| June 2, 2014<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142335/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |title=Google releases Android 4.4.3 to Nexus devices |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Ron Amadeo |publisher=Ars Technica |archive-date=June 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603165300/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Refreshed the Dialer app's interface.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |title=Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4.3 |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606052307/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+AndroidDevelopers/posts/EfKRBGm19dT |title=Android 4.4.3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out – Google+ |date=June 3, 2014 |access-date=June 4, 2014 |author=Android Developers |publisher=Android Developers (Google+) |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142315/https://workspaceupdates.googleblog.com/2023/04/new-community-features-for-google-chat-and-an-update-currents%20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
|-
| 4.4.4
| June 19, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |title=Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 19, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life |archive-date=June 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621023430/http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* [[CVE-2014-0224]] fixed, eliminating an [[OpenSSL]] [[man-in-the-middle attack|man-in-the-middle]] vulnerability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |title=Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices |date=June 19, 2014 |access-date=June 25, 2014 |author=Ryan Whitwam |publisher=androidpolice.com |archive-date=June 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625085901/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions ====
{{Main|Wear OS}}
{{anchor|Android 4.4W|4.4W}}

On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 4.4W<ref name="Wear source code">{{cite web |last1=Rob |first1=Triggs |title=Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP |date=July 22, 2014 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |publisher=Android Authority |access-date=July 22, 2014 |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726221313/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| June 25, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |title=Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014 |author=Andrew Grush |publisher=Android Authority |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |archive-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323025103/http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
* Initial release of the Android Wear platform for [[smartwatch]]es: the same as Android 4.4 "KitKat", but with wearable extensions added.
|-
| 4.4W.1
| September 6, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |title=Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4W.1 Build KGW42N: Here's What's New |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119203934/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.
|-
| 4.4W.2
| October 21, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |title=Android Wear 4.4W.2 Build KNX01Q Starts Rolling Out For The LG G Watch, Brings Offline Music And GPS Support (Though You Can't Use The Latter) |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2015 |author=Rita El Khoury |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=January 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107131422/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Offline music playback.
* GPS support.
|}

=== Android 5.0 Lollipop ===
{{Main|Android Lollipop}}
{{anchor|Lollipop|5.0|Android 5.0|Android 5|Android Lollipop}}

Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during [[Google I/O]]. It became available as an official [[Over-the-air programming|over-the-air]] (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including [[Google Nexus|Nexus]] and [[Google Play edition]] devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.<ref name=PCWorldJun2014>{{cite web |title=From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html |publisher=PC World |date=June 25, 2014|access-date=June 26, 2014|archive-date=June 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626183451/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days |url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |publisher=PhoneArena.com |date=October 15, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018090820/http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive [[design language]] referred to as "[[material design]]". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the [[Android Runtime]] (ART) officially replacing [[Dalvik virtual machine|Dalvik]] for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as [[Project Volta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |website=Engadget |date=June 25, 2014 |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816150431/https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=We just played with Android's L Developer Preview |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |website=Engadget |date=June 26, 2014 |publisher=AOL |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626162710/http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |website=Anandtech |access-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628013652/http://anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L |url=http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/ |date=July 1, 2014 |access-date=July 5, 2014 |author=Andrei Frumusanu |work=AnandTech |archive-date=July 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705022457/http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.0<ref name = "Api level 21-22">{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |title=Android 5.0 APIs |publisher=Android.com |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027235642/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| November 4, 2014<ref name="android.googlesource.com"/>
|
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) with [[Ahead-of-time compilation|ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation]] and improved [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] (GC), replacing [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] that combines bytecode [[Interpreter (computing)|interpretation]] with [[Tracing just-in-time compilation|trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation]].<ref name="Api level 21-22" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |title=A JIT Compiler for Android's Dalvik VM |date=May 2010 |access-date = March 19, 2015 |author1=Ben Cheng |author2=Bill Buzbee |website=android-app-developer.co.uk |pages=5–14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151106221110/http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf |archive-date = November 6, 2015|url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Support for [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] CPUs.
* [[OpenGL ES]] 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations.
* Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application.
* [[Vector graphics|Vector drawables]], which scale without losing definition.
* Support for print previews.
* [[Material design]], bringing a restyled user interface and ''"ripple effect"'' for buttons.
* Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.<ref>[http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html "Exploring Android L: Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110831/http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html |date=May 14, 2015 }}. Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
* Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down.
* [[Project Volta]], for battery life improvements.
* Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings.
* Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.<ref name=IndiaTimes>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |title=Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=December 23, 2014 |work=India Times |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203042421/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |title=Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone |publisher=Android Central |access-date=January 25, 2015 |date=October 17, 2014 |archive-date=February 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204065643/http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Audio input and output through USB devices.
* Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on [[SD card]]s. However, those must be adapted to the storage access framework of Android API level 21 or higher.<ref name="android-police01">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |title=Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security |publisher=Android Police |author=Cody Toombs |date=November 4, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=December 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206131506/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="android-police02">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |title=Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129151433/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* WebViews receive updates independently through [[Google Play]] for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |title=Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android |date=October 24, 2014 |work=ZDNet |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142416/https://www.zdnet.com/article/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.<ref name=AndroidLollipop>{{cite web |url=http://www.android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |title=Android – 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 3, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2014 |publisher=Android.com |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125175546/https://android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Tap and Go'' allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* User-customizable priorities for application notifications.<ref name="CNET-priority">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/uk/how-to/setup-interruptions-android-lollipop-do-not-disturb/ |title=Set up 'Priority' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop |author=Jason Cipriani |publisher=CNET |date=November 3, 2014|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref>
* Smart lock feature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |title=Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop |date=November 12, 2015 |access-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310235133/http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[SELinux]] in enforcing mode for all domains.
* Updated emoji.<ref name="emojipedia-50">{{cite web |title=Android 5.0 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |access-date=February 2, 2017 |date=November 26, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116211447/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-50-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Improved [[accessibility]] support (e.g. [[switch access]] support).<ref name="androidcentral1">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |title=Accessibility features in Android 5.0 Lollipop |publisher=Android Central |date=October 25, 2014 |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126063234/http://www.androidcentral.com/accessibility-features-android-50-lollipop |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |title=Block-Based OTAs | Android Open Source Project |publisher=Android Source |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310191906/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/block.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Task listing access disabled for third-party applications.
|-
| 5.0.1
| December 2, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |title=Android 5.0.1 (LRX22C) Hitting AOSP Now (Update: Factory Images Too) |date=December 2, 2014 |access-date=December 3, 2014 |author=Liam Spradlin |publisher=Android Police |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204004048/http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* A few bug fixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling.
|-
| 5.0.2
| December 19, 2014<ref name="FactoryImages"/>
|
* Fixes a bug with [[Trim (computing)|TRIM]] support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |title=Commit 4f868ed to platform/frameworks/base |last=Tate |first=Christopher |date=November 21, 2014 |website=Android Git Repositories |access-date=December 27, 2017 |quote=The current heuristics depend on devices being alive at midnight+ in order to run periodic background fstrim operations...If the device goes a defined time without a background fstrim, we [now] force the fstrim at the next reboot. Once the device hits the midnight+ idle fstrim request time, then we already aggressively attempt to fstrim at the first available moment thereafter...'Available' here means charging + device idle. |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/4f868ed |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |title=What's actually new in Android 5.0.2? |date=December 22, 2014 |access-date=January 6, 2015 |author=Stephen Schenck |publisher=PocketNow.com |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106071243/http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==== Android 5.1 Lollipop ====
{{anchor|Android 5.1|5.1}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 5.1
| March 2, 2015<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|
* Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen.
* Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings.
* Official support for [[Dual SIM|multiple SIM cards]].<ref name="venturebeat-20150309">{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/09/google-confirms-android-5-1-is-landing-on-all-compatible-devices-from-today/ |title=Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls |work=VentureBeat |date=March 9, 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142908/https://venturebeat.com/ai/beyond-transactions-reimagining-banking-with-superior-digital-customer-journeys/infinite/injection_js/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Anti-theft system|Device protection]]: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.
* [[Wideband audio|High-definition voice calls]], available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.<ref name="venturebeat-20150309" />
* Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the [[silent mode]] that was removed from Android 5.0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |title=Android 5.1 reinstates Silent Mode, but there's a catch |work=AndroidPIT |access-date=March 27, 2015 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181504/http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 5.1.1
| April 20, 2015<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142928/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="phandroid-5.1.1">{{cite web |title=Android 5.1.1 (LMY47V) officially uploaded to AOSP and here's the full changelog, Nexus Player factory images also available |date=April 21, 2015 |url=http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |access-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428075015/http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Various bug fixes<ref name="phandroid-5.1.1" />
* Native [[Generic Access Network|Wi-Fi calling]] support.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jack |last=Jennings |url=http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |title=Google Open Source Code for Wi-Fi Calling |publisher=XDA |date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=November 2, 2015 |archive-date=November 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116115614/http://www.xda-developers.com/google-open-source-code-for-wi-fi-calling/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 6.0 Marshmallow ===
{{Main|Android Marshmallow}}
{{anchor|Marshmallow|Android 6|6|Android 6.0|6.0|Android Marshmallow}}

Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename "Android M" during [[Google I/O]] on May 28, 2015, for the [[Nexus 5]] and [[Nexus 6]] phones, [[Nexus 9]] tablet, and [[Nexus Player]] set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google's Android M preview build will run on the Nexus 5, 6, 9, and Player [Updated] |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |date=May 28, 2015 |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=May 28, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529043650/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/05/googles-android-m-preview-build-will-run-on-the-nexus-5-6-9-and-player/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015, for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |title=Downloads Android Developers |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817224047/http://developer.android.com/preview/download.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to [[Android for Work]] profiles.<ref>{{cite web|title = Support and Release Notes {{!}} Android Developers|url = https://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|website = developer.android.com|access-date = August 22, 2015|archive-date = August 11, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150811015125/http://developer.android.com/preview/support.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 6.0
| September 29, 2015<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Get ready for the sweet taste of Android 6.0 Marshmallow |url=http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |publisher=Android Developers |access-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=October 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006000054/http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2015/10/get-ready-for-sweet-taste-of-android-60.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Precluded rudimentary [[file manager]] (package name: <code>com.android.documentsui</code>), accessible from storage settings.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mediati |first1=Nick |title=How to get to Android Marshmallow's hidden file manager |url=https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |website=Greenbot |language=en |date=October 22, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142829/https://www.greenbot.com/article/2996030/how-to-get-to-android-marshmallows-hidden-file-manager.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Memory card]] mounted to <code>/storage/????-????/</code> rather than <code>/storage/extSdCard/</code>, with a hexadecimal [[volume serial number]] in place of the [[Wildcard character|wildcard]] question marks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |title=Customer Community |access-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416212913/https://customer.precisely.com/s/article/How-to-configure-settings-for-maps-on-Android-6-SD-cards-in-ConfirmConnect?language=en_US |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Contextual search from keywords within apps.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |title=Now on Tap is the coolest Android feature in a long time |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |date=May 28, 2015 |website=The Verge |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142906/https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/28/8681875/now-on-tap-is-the-coolest-android-feature-google-io |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android Doze |url=http://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304134852/https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App Standby feature.
* Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android vertical app drawer |url=https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=October 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015192909/https://www.android.com/intl/en_in/versions/marshmallow-6-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Application search bar and favorites.
* Native fingerprint reader support.
* Direct Share feature for target-specific sharing between apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#direct-share |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Renamed "Priority" mode to "Do Not Disturb" mode.
* App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Handling App Links |url=http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124045813/http://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=App Linking in Android 6.0 |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |website=developer.android.com |access-date=November 29, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#app-linking |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Larger Application folders with multiple pages.
* Post-install/run-time permission requests.
* [[USB-C]] support.
* Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Use Android 6.0's Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar |date=February 3, 2022 |url=http://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224155656/https://www.howtogeek.com/231078/use-android-6.0%E2%80%99s-hidden-system-ui-tuner-to-customize-your-quick-settings-and-status-bar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Automatic full data backup and restore for apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#backup |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 4K display mode for apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#4K-display |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007210901/http://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html#adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |title=Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage |date=April 7, 2017 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142932/https://www.androidcentral.com/adoptable-storage |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[MIDI]] support for musical instruments.<ref>{{cite web |title=MIDI – Android Open Source Project |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926143719/http://source.android.com/devices/audio/midi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Experimental multi-window feature.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow |date=October 16, 2015 |url=http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019233847/http://android.wonderhowto.com/how-to/unlock-hidden-multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-0165402/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering |date=October 6, 2015 |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230/ |access-date=October 20, 2015 |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023093409/http://www.androidauthority.com/multi-window-mode-android-6-0-marshmallow-647230 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.<ref name="CWnostalgia"/>
* App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time. Similar to [[App Ops]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |title=Request App Permissions  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=April 28, 2016 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505063403/http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Miracast support dropped.<ref name="CWnostalgia">{{Cite news |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android/android-nostalgia-old-features.html |title=Android nostalgia: 13 once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away |last=Raphael |first=JR |date=December 5, 2017 |work=Computerworld |access-date=December 6, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142934/https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android-features-faded.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Many new essential commands supported by Android's [[Linux shell]] ''(/bin/sh)''.
* No screen rotation during touch.
|-
| 6.0.1
| December 7, 2015<ref name="android-6-0-1-gadgetzarena">{{cite web |title=Google releases Android 6.0.1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P/6, Nexus 5X/5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 [2013] |url=http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013 |website=GadgetzArena |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=March 10, 2016 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121153839/http://www.gadgetzarena.com/news/google-releases-android-6-0-1-factory-images-nexus-6p6-nexus-5x5-nexus-player-nexus-9-nexus-7-2013/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* [[Unicode 7.0]] & [[Unicode 8.0|8.0]] [[emoji]] support.<ref name="emojipedia-601">{{cite web |title=Android 6.0.1 Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=December 7, 2015 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217072617/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-6-0-1-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Descriptions for USB connection options.
* Double-press the power button to open the camera.
|}

=== Android 7.0 Nougat ===
{{Main|Android Nougat}}
{{anchor|Nougat|Android 7|7|Android 7.0|Android Nougat}}

Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new "Android Beta Program" which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 – the final preview – is available for download |date=July 18, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719133438/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/07/18/android-7-0-nougat-developer-preview-5-the-final-preview-is-available-for-download/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the build number NPD90G.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.0
| August 22, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |title=Taking the final wrapper off of Android 7.0 Nougat |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114142838/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2016/08/taking-final-wrapper-off-of-nougat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Support for file-based encryption.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |title=Pixel Security: Better, Faster, Stronger |last1=Crowley |first1=Paul |last2=Lawrence |first2=Paul |website=Google Security Blog |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042809/https://security.googleblog.com/2016/11/pixel-security-better-faster-stronger.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Unicode 9.0]] [[emoji]] and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of [[ICU4J]] APIs).<ref name="emojipedia-70">{{cite web |title=Android 7.0 Nougat Emoji Changelog |url=http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |website=Emojipedia |date=August 22, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222042239/http://blog.emojipedia.org/android-7-0-emoji-changelog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ability to display color calibration.
* Ability to zoom in the screen.
* Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button.
* Added an Emergency information part.
* Added the "Clear All" button to the Overview screen.
* Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates.
* [[Google Daydream|Daydream]] virtual reality platform (VR interface).
* Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life.
* Improvements to the file browser.
* Ability to [[File operation|move files]] added to ''Storage Access Framework''<ref name=SAF-API24>{{cite web |title=DocumentsContract |url=https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143342/https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri |url-status=live }}</ref>
* More Quick Settings options.
* Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout.
* New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage.
* New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size.
* Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |title=Android 7.0 for Developers  -  Android Developers |website=Android Developers |access-date=August 25, 2016 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911205602/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Picture-in-picture]] support for [[Android TV]].
* Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings.
* Redesigned Overview screen.
* Replaced notification cards with notification sheets.
* Settings app navigation drawer.
* [[Vulkan (API)|Vulkan 3D]] rendering API.
* Multiple Device Locales<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |title=Android N Feature Spotlight: Multiple Device Locales Are Now Supported, Allowing Search Results In Multiple Languages And Other Goodies |date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214005239/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/03/12/android-n-feature-spotlight-multiple-device-locales-are-now-supported-allowing-search-results-in-multiple-languages-and-other-goodies/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Discontinuation of Android Camera V1 API<ref name=CameraVersion>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |title=Camera Version Support |website=Android Open Source Project |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704161717/https://source.android.com/devices/camera/versioning |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Restricted file system access<ref>{{cite web |url=https://proclockers.com/review/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |title=List of All Android Operating System Names (2020 Update) |date=November 18, 2020 |publisher=ProClockers |access-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143419/https://gaminggorilla.com/list-of-all-android-operating-system-names-2020-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 7.1 Nougat ====
{{anchor|Android 7.1|7.1}}

On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 7.1
| October 4, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |title=Android 7.1 Nougat's changelog is here, includes both Pixel-exclusive and non-Pixel exclusive changes |date=October 4, 2016 |website=Android Police |access-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125659/http://www.androidpolice.com/2016/10/04/android-7-1-nougats-changelog-includes-pixel-exclusive-non-pixel-exclusive-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Rearranged notification shade.
* "Restart" option added to power button menu<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Rupesh |title=Android 7.1 Changes: What The New Update Brings |url=https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |website=Beebom |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=October 20, 2016 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://beebom.com/android-7-1-changes-what-new/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Touch/display performance improvements.
* Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture{{snd}}opt-in).
* Opt-in with new hardware required:
** Seamless A/B system updates.
** Daydream VR mode.
* Developer features:
** Shortcut manager APIs.
** Circular app icons support.
** Keyboard image insertion.
** Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade.
** Manual storage manager Intent for apps.
** Improved VR thread scheduling.
** Enhanced wallpaper metadata.
** Multi-endpoint call support.
** Support for various MNO requirements.
*** PCDMA voice privacy property.
*** Source type support for Visual Voicemail.
*** Carrier config options for managing telephone videos.
* Manual storage manager{{snd}} identifies files and apps using storage.
|-
| 7.1.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |title=A sweet update to Nougat: Android 7.1.1 |date=December 5, 2016 |website=Google Blog |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213001345/https://blog.google/products/android/sweet-update-nougat-android-711/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 1, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143448/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* New set of [[emoji]]s adding different skin tones and haircuts to existing ones.
* Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard.
* App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long-pressing the app icon.
* Developer Options: ''Show CPU Usage'' feature removed.
|-
| 7.1.2<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |title=Google Groups |website=productforums.google.com |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203081016/https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/phone-by-google/h9qq56zHiuU |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |title=Some Pixel C and Nexus Player owners are getting the official Android 7.1.2 update |date=April 2, 2017 |website=Android Authority |access-date=April 2, 2017 |archive-date=April 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403005448/http://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-c-android-7-1-2-update-761195/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| April 2, 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |title=refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google |website=android.googlesource.com |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143348/https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Battery usage alerts.
|}

=== Android 8.0 Oreo ===
{{Main|Android Oreo}}
{{anchor|Oreo|Android 8|8|Android 8.0|Android Oreo|8.0|Project Treble}}

Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.0<ref name="guardian8">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |title=Oreo: Google announces release of the next version of Android 8 |date=August 21, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Samuel |last1=Gibbs |first2=Olivia |last2=Solon |access-date=March 11, 2019 |archive-date=September 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903103557/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/21/oreo-google-announces-release-of-the-next-version-of-android-8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| August 21, 2017
|
* '''Project Treble''', the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates.
* Picture-in-picture support.
* Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines.
* Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors.
* Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries.
* Adaptive icons
* Notification improvements.
** Notification channels.
** Notification dots (badges).
** Notification snoozing.
** Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.).
* System-wide Autofill framework.
* Support for [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[Sony]]'s [[LDAC (codec)|LDAC]] and [[Qualcomm]]'s [[aptX]] and [[AptX#aptX HD|aptX HD]] codecs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |title=How Oreo is better than Nougat: Audio |date=August 23, 2017 |website=Android Authority |language=en-US |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143424/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-oreo-vs-android-nougat-audio-794775/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* App-specific unknown sources.
* Multi-display support.
* 2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.<ref name="guardian8"/>
* Apps background execution and location limits.
* Google Play Protect.
* Downloadable fonts.
* Integrated printing support.
* Color management (deep color and wide color gamut).
* Wi-Fi Assistant.
|}

==== Android 8.1 Oreo ====
{{anchor|8.1|Android 8.1}}

Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 8.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |title=Google Blog |website=android-developers.googleblog.com |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025183103/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/10/android-81-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goandroid.co.in/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |title=Android 8.1 developer preview arrives for Pixel and Nexus devices |date=October 25, 2017 |website=GoAndroid |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143449/https://www.thegoandroid.com/android-8-1-developer-preview-arrives-pixel-nexus-devices/73184/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| December 5, 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |title=Android 8.1 Oreo goes final, rolling out now to Pixel and Nexus devices |date=December 5, 2017 |website=Ars Technica |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102090441/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/android-8-1-oreo-goes-final-rolling-out-now-to-pixel-and-nexus-devices/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |title=Welcoming Android 8.1 Oreo and Android Oreo (Go edition) |author=Dave Burke |date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143856/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/12/welcoming-android-81-oreo-and-android.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
* Neural networks API.
* Shared memory API.
* WallpaperColors API.
* Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings.
* '''[[Android Go|Android Oreo (Go edition)]]''', a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1 GB of RAM.<ref name = "Android Go">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |title=Android Go is here to fix super cheap phones |publisher=The Verge |date=March 1, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144008/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/1/17052912/what-is-android-go |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Autofill framework updates.
* Programmatic Safe Browsing actions.
* Navigation buttons dim when not in use.
* Visual changes to 'Power Off' and 'Restart', including a new screen and floating toolbar.
* Toast messages are now white with the same existing transparency.
* Automatic light and dark themes.
* New Easter egg in the form of an official [[Oreo|Oreo cookie]] picture.<ref name = "Android police oreo cookie">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |title=Android 8.1 feature spotlight: A new Oreo Easter egg |date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Android Police |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114143858/https://www.androidpolice.com/2017/10/25/android-8-1-feature-spotlight-new-oreo-easter-egg-appears-double-stuf-form-octopus-remains/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 9 Pie ===
{{Main|Android Pie}}
{{anchor|Pie|Android 9|9|Android 9.0|9.0|Android Pie}}

Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a "Release Candidate") was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 9 Pie (API 28)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|9
|August 6, 2018
|
* New user interface for the quick settings menu.<ref name="xda">{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mishaal |title=Here's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google Pixel/XL and Pixel 2/XL |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |website=XDA Developers |access-date=March 8, 2018 |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422014635/https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.<ref name="Verge">{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |title=The biggest early visual changes in Android P |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |access-date=March 8, 2018 |work=[[The Verge]] |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622084001/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The "dock" now has a semi-transparent background.<ref name="Verge"/>
* Battery Saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars.<ref name=xda/>
* A "screenshot" button has been added to the power options.<ref name="Verge"/>
* A new "Lockdown" mode which disables biometric authentication once activated.
* Rounded corners across the UI.
* New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps.
* Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be seen within a notification, full-scale images, and smart replies akin to Google's new app, Reply.
* Support for display cutouts.
* Redesigned volume slider.
* Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display.
* Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock.
* Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving.
* [[DNS over TLS]].<ref>{{cite web |title=DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview |date=April 17, 2018 |work=Google Security Blog |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |access-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422194047/https://security.googleblog.com/2018/04/dns-over-tls-support-in-android-p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A new optional gesture-based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI.
* Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built-in.
* Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time they are spending on their device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps.
* "Shush", an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications.
* "Adaptive Battery" prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS determines the user will not use.
* Auto-Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits.
* Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bedtime that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone's interface gray to discourage further use at night.
* [[Vulkan#Vulkan 1.1|Vulkan 1.1]] support.
* Call recording options fully disabled<ref name=ACR>{{Cite web |url=https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |title=Android 9/10 call recording issues | ACR – Another Call Recorder by NLL APPS |website=nllapps.com |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144014/https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 10 ===
{{Main|Android 10}}
{{anchor|10|Android 10}}

Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 10 (API 29)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 10
| September 3, 2019
|
* Revamped full-screen gesture navigation with new app open/close animations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |title=[Update: OEM Gestures Allowed] Google's new navigation gestures in Android Q will be mandatory for all devices |date=May 9, 2019 |website=xda-developers |access-date=August 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144403/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-q-navigation-gestures-mandatory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Android 10 launcher port brings new gesture animations to Android 9 |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |website=xda-developers |date=September 10, 2019 |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144404/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-10-launcher-port-gesture-animations-android-9/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=September 23, 2020 |title=Android 11—The Ars Technica Review |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |access-date=April 17, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/09/android-11-the-ars-technica-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Scoped storage'' restrictions<ref>{{cite web |title=Privacy changes in Android 10 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |website=Android Developers |language=en |access-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144407/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10/privacy/changes |url-status=live }}</ref>
* New permissions required to access location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.<ref name="introducingqbeta">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Introducing Android Q Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=March 13, 2019 |date=March 13, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090246/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/03/introducing-android-q-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Background (idle) access to camera, microphone and sensors disabled for more privacy protection with the side effect of disabling [[antitheft]] software.<ref name=Verge-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |title=Android P won't let apps secretly use your mic or camera in the background |first=Chris |last=Welch |date=March 7, 2018 |website=The Verge |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144414/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=AndroidAuth-Background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |title=Android P will prevent apps from using your camera or microphone without telling you (Updated) |date=February 21, 2018 |website=Android Authority |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144520/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=PhoneArena-background>{{Cite web |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |title=Android P will prevent background apps from using the camera |first=Mihail |last=Nikolov |website=Phone Arena |date=February 20, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144410/https://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-P-prevents-background-camera-use_id102610 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[AV1]] video codec, the [[HDR10+]] video format and the [[Opus (audio format)|Opus]] audio codec.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[AptX#aptX Adaptive|aptX Adaptive]], [[LHDC (codec)#LHDC|LHDC]], [[LHDC (codec)#LLAC|LLAC]], [[CELT]] and AAC LATM codecs<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://source.android.com/devices/audio/implement |title=Audio Implementation |website=Android Open Source Project |language=en |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144519/https://source.android.com/docs/core/audio/implement |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |title=Android 10 devices are going to sound better with LHDC™ |last=Yeow |first=Goh Beng |date=October 22, 2019 |website=Porta-Fi™ |language=en-GB |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144928/https://porta-fi.com/android-10-devices-are-going-to-sound-better-with-lhdc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A native [[MIDI]] API, allowing interaction with music controllers.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Better support for [[biometric authentication]] in apps.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for the [[Wi-Fi Protected Access#WPA3|WPA3]] Wi-Fi security protocol.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for [[foldable phone]]s.<ref name="introducingqbeta" />
* Support for Notification Bubbles.<ref name="qbeta2">{{cite web |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Android Q Beta 2 update |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=April 25, 2019 |date=April 3, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144944/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/04/android-q-beta-2-update.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="notificationbubbles">{{cite web |title=Bubbles |website=Android Developers |url=https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410052657/https://developer.android.com/preview/features/bubbles|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
* New system-wide dark theme/mode<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/look-and-feel/darktheme |title=Dark theme |website=Android Developers |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144954/https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/theming/darktheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2019/10/10/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |title=Google Dark Mode app roundup: Everything available so far |first=Ben |last=Schoon |work=9to5Google |date=October 10, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144952/https://9to5google.com/2020/05/19/google-dark-mode-apps-gallery/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* TLS v1.3 support added.
* Project Mainline, allows core OS components to be updated via the [[Google Play Store]], without requiring a complete system update<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |title=Fresher OS with Projects Treble and Mainline |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220093711/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2019/05/fresher-os-with-projects-treble-and-mainline.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 11 ===
{{Main|Android 11}}
{{anchor|11|Android 11}}

Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turning it up to 11: the first Developer Preview of Android 11 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |last=Burke |first=Dave |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144915/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/Android-11-developer-preview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 11 Developer Preview: All the changes we found from Android 10 so far! |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |date=February 19, 2020 |last=Fedewa |first=Joe |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145014/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-11-developer-preview-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020, to June 10, 2020.<ref name="eleven-beta">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |title=Google delays the Android 11 Beta announcement as protests roil US cities |website=www.theverge.com |access-date=June 8, 2020 |date=May 30, 2020 |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530071708/https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/30/21275399/google-delays-android-11-beta-announcement-protests-george-floyd |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 11 (API 30)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 11
| September 8, 2020
|
* Chat bubbles.
* Screen recorder.
* Notification history.
* New permissions controls.
* API distinction between standalone [[5G NR]] and non-standalone 5G.
* One-time permissions.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11">{{cite web |last1=Cuthbertso |first1=Stephanie |title=Unwrapping the Android 11 Beta, plus more developer updates |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=August 20, 2020 |date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144916/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/06/unwrapping-android-11-beta-plus-more.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Permissions auto-reset.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" />
* Wireless [[Android Auto]] on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.<ref name="Android 11 Product Page">{{Cite web |title=Android 11 |url=https://www.android.com/android-11/ |access-date=September 25, 2020 |website=Android |language=en-US |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912094615/https://www.android.com/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.<ref name="unwrappingandroid11" /><ref name="mainline">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |title=Accelerating Android Updates |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144946/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/accelerating-android-updates.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.<ref name="Android 11 Enterprise Blog">{{Cite web |last1=Marsanyi |first1=Ian |title=Championing employee privacy, productivity with Android 11 |url=https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |website=Android Enterprise Blog |access-date=September 25, 2020 |date=September 8, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145503/https://blog.google/products/android-enterprise/android-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schoon |first1=Ben |title=Android 11 prepares new settings for Gesture Navigation |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145534/https://9to5google.com/2020/02/19/android-11-gesture-settings-menu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Since this version, apps no longer have access to other app's directories (including "Android/Data").<ref>{{cite news |title=Android 11 : Scoped Storage |url=https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |work=DhiWise |date=21 July 2021 |language=en |access-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145504/https://medium.com/dhiwise/android-11-scoped-storage-9e419ea5c934 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 12 ===
{{Main|Android 12}}
{{anchor|12|Android 12}}

Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android S: the first Developer Preview of Android 12 |url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219023916/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Android 12 Developer Preview: First Developer preview |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |date=February 18, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |access-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114145505/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-developer-preview-hands-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12 (API 31)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12
| October 4, 2021
|
* Easier Wi-Fi sharing.
* [[AVIF]] image support.
* Material You, an updated design language based on [[Material Design]].
* Scrolling Screenshot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 To Finally Bring Scrolling Screenshots |url=https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |website=TechiAI |date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710104625/https://techiai.com/android-12-to-finally-bring-scrolling-screenshots-how-it-would-work/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* One Handed Mode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guide to enable One-Handed Mode on Android 12 |url=https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |website=Gizmochina |date=March 28, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704194900/https://www.gizmochina.com/2021/03/28/guide-to-enable-one-handed-mode-on-android-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) module added to the updatable core OS components via Google Play, added functionality to existing modules.<ref name="Features">{{cite web |title=Android 12 Features |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=androidauthority |access-date=February 18, 2021 |date=February 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="12preview">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |title=First preview of Android 12 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218180352/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/02/android-12-dp1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Area Magnification can zoom in any content on device.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magnification feature now offers a useful floating window |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/ |website=[[9to5Google]] |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713032843/https://9to5google.com/2021/02/19/android-12-magnification-tweak/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* "Extra Dim" is a faint level of brightness not accessible by the brightness scale.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 gets 'Extra Dim' |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |website=Android Police |date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718044005/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/04/22/android-12-dp3-gets-extra-dim-and-no-thats-not-an-insult/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bold Text.
* Greyscale.
* A green dot at the top right of the screen shows when the camera or microphone is in use.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raphael |first1=J. R. |title=How to take advantage of Android 12's new privacy options |url=https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |website=The Verge |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=en |date=20 August 2021 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401123146/https://www.theverge.com/22634128/privacy-android-12-dashboard-apps-sensors |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Option to choose precise or approximate location.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 features: Everything you need to know about Google's latest OS |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |website=Android Authority |date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803160940/https://www.androidauthority.com/android-12-features-1195735/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Privacy Dashboard.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to access and use the Android 12 Privacy Dashboard |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |website=Android Central |date=September 21, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107025705/https://www.androidcentral.com/how-access-and-use-android-12-privacy-dashboard?amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Gestures can work in immersive mode.<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 12 fixes one of the most frustrating things about gesture navigation |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |website=Android Police |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706101016/https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/02/18/android-12s-gestures-navigation-works-better-in-full-screen-and-immersive-views/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Performance improvements to system services to improve transitions, power efficiency, and reduce app startup times.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's new in Android 12 Beta |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |website=Android Developers Blog |access-date=July 22, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112036/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/05/whats-new-in-android-12-beta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Third party app stores now have the ability to update apps without constantly asking the user for permission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=Android 12 will finally let alternative app stores update apps on their own |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622223308/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-12-alternative-app-stores-update-apps-background/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==== Android 12L ====
{{Main|Android 12L}}
{{anchor|12L|Android 12L}}

Android 12L{{efn|Released as "Android 12.1" for smartphones}} is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced in October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 12L (API 32)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 12L
| March 7, 2022
|
* Improvements specific for foldable phones, tablets, desktop-sized screens and Chromebooks, and modifications to the user interface to tailor it to larger screens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=12L and new Android APIs and tools for large screens |last=Burke |first=Dave |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |date=October 27, 2021 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en |access-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-date=July 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722074255/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/10/12L-preview-large-screens.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Android 13 ===
{{Main|Android 13}}
{{anchor|13|Android 13}}

Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 13 (API 33)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 13
| August 15, 2022
|
* Apps are now required to request permission from the user before they are able to send notifications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Abner |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Here's everything new in Android 13 Developer Preview 2 [Gallery] |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |access-date=March 18, 2022 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317185828/https://9to5google.com/2022/03/17/android-13-dp2-new-features/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The number of active apps is now shown at the bottom of the notifications panel, a tap on it opens a detailed panel which lets the user stop each of them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Android 13 review: Plans for the future, but not much to offer today |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=August 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830231050/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/08/android-13-review-plans-for-the-future-but-not-much-to-offer-today/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for [[Bluetooth Low Energy|Bluetooth LE]] Audio and the [[LC3 (codec)|LC3 audio codec]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2021 |title=Android 13 may finally bring full support for Bluetooth LE Audio |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=xda-developers |language=en-US |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629122229/https://www.xda-developers.com/android-13-may-add-blueooth-le-audio-support/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New LC3 Encoder (I5f2f7627) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit |archive-date=January 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109172549/https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1891675 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Add new LC3 decoder (I275ea8ba) |url=https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/1936078 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=AOSP Gerrit}}</ref>
* [[Android Runtime|ART]] update with a new [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collector]] utilizing the [[Linux kernel|Linux]] userfaultfd [[system call]].<ref name="Gidra">{{Citation |last=Gidra |first=Lokesh |title=What's new in app performance |date=May 12, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYdHLqLVspY |language=en |access-date=August 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gidra |first1=Lokesh |last2=Boehm |first2=Hans-J. |last3=Fernandes |first3=Joel |date=October 12, 2020 |title=Utilizing the Linux Userfaultfd System Call in a Compaction Phase of a Garbage Collection Process |url=https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3671 |journal=Defensive Publications Series}}</ref><ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP">{{Cite web |title=Android 13 is in AOSP! |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2022/08/android-13-is-in-aosp.html |access-date=August 16, 2022 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref> It reduces memory pressure, compiled code size and [[Jank (web)|jank]], and prevents the risk of killing apps because of low memory during garbage collection.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Other changes also improve app startup, reduce jank and improve performance.<ref name="Android 13 is in AOSP" /> Because of the Mainline project, Android 12 ART will also be updated.<ref name="Gidra"/>
* Support of Themed icons by third-party apps and manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=2022-12-09 |title=Android themed: These apps support Material You makeovers |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/12/09/android-13-themed-icons/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=[[9to5Google]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 14 ===
{{Main|Android 14}}

Android 14 is the fourteenth major version of the Android operating system. Google announced Android 14 on February 8, 2023, with the first Developer Preview releasing on the same day.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 14 (API 34)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
|14
|October 4, 2023
|
* Installation of apps designed to target Android versions and SDKs older than [[Android Marshmallow|Marshmallow (6.0)]] is blocked to prevent malware.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Android 14 Preview 1 is out, will officially ban installation of old apps |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/02/android-14-preview-1-is-out-will-officially-ban-installation-of-old-apps/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=February 8, 2023 |title=22 Best Android 14 Features (New and Upcoming) |url=https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208214958/https://beebom.com/best-android-14-features/ |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Beebom]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 15 ===
{{Main|Android 15}}

Android 15 is the fifteenth major version of the Android operating system. It was released on September 3, 2024 as part of the Android Open Source Project,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthew|first=McCullough |date=September 3, 2024 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/09/android-15-is-released-to-aosp.html |title=Android 15 is released to AOSP |website=Android Developer Blog |publisher=Google |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> and was first released to a device on September 30, 2024 by [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonggolto |first=Jay |date=September 30, 2024 |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/apps-software/the-first-oem-to-drop-android-15-updates-is-one-youd-never-guess |title=The first OEM to drop Android 15 updates is one you'd never guess |website=Android Central |publisher=Future US |access-date=October 16, 2024}}</ref> Unlike previous versions of Android, the new update wasn't made available upon its release to Google's own Pixel line, instead being released on October 15, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=October 15, 2024 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/15/24268043/google-android-15-pixel |title=Android 15 is now available for Pixels |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=October 15, 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 15 (API 35)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 15.0
| September 3, 2024
|
* Reintroduction of lock screen widgets on tablets, which were introduced in Android 4.2 and removed in Android 5.0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=2024-01-12 |title=Android 15 might bring back lock screen widgets |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/01/it-looks-like-lock-screen-widgets-are-making-a-comeback-in-android-15/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
|}

=== Android 16 ===
{{Main|Android 16}}
Android 16 is the upcoming major release of [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. The first Developer Preview of Android 16 was released on 19 November 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-11-19 |title=Android 16 is now available for early testers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/19/24300673/android-16-developer-preview-availability-release-timeline |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> [[Google]] expects the platform to reach beta stage in January 2025 with a final release expected in Q2 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Android 16 (API 36)
|-
! style="width:2%;" | Version
! style="width:11%;" | Release date
! style="width:87%;" | Features
|-
| 16 DP1
| November 19, 2024
|
* Embedded photo picker
* Health records
* privacy sandbox on android.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Developer Preview of Android 16 |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2024/11/the-first-developer-preview-android16.html |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Android Developers Blog |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>

== References ==
<references/>

MediaWiki:Cite link label group-lower-alpha

2025-03-28T14:10:46Z

Luke: +

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User talk:Awilh 37

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Luke: /* Transwiki import */ new section

== Transwiki import ==

Could I have transwiki importer rights here (to help fix the broken citation templates)? (You can assign it at [[Special:UserRights/Luke]].) Thanks! [[User:Luke|Luke]] ([[User talk:Luke|talk]]) 15:39, 26 March 2025 (UTC)

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Luke: Luke changed the content model of the page WickedTech:Main Page/styles.css from "wikitext" to "Sanitized CSS": templatestyles page

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}

.mp-h2,
body.skin-timeless .mp-h2 { /* Timeless needs a higher specificity */
border: 1px solid #aaa; /* all colors overriden on specific elements in @media screen */
margin: 0.5em 0;
padding: 0.2em 0.4em;
font-size: 120%;
font-weight: bold;
font-family: inherit;
}

.mp-later {
font-size: 85%;
font-weight: normal;
}

#mp-welcomecount {
text-align: center;
margin: 0.4em;
}

#mp-welcome {
font-size: 162%;
padding: 0.1em;
}

#mp-welcome h1,
#mp-welcome .mw-heading1 {
font-size: inherit;
font-family: inherit;
display: inline;
border: none;
}

#mp-free {
font-size: 95%;
}

#articlecount {
font-size: 85%;
}

#articlecount > ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}

#articlecount > ul > li {
margin: 0;
display: inline;
}

#articlecount > ul > li::after {
content: " · ";
font-weight: bold;
}

#articlecount > ul > li:last-child::after {
content: "";
}

/* clear fix */
.mp-contains-float::after {
content: "";
display: block;
clear: both;
}

@media (max-width: 875px) {
/* We need to improve Template:POTD as used on the main page so that these
* hacks aren't necessary */
#mp-tfp table,
#mp-tfp tr,
#mp-tfp td,
#mp-tfp tbody {
display: block !important;
width: 100% !important;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

#mp-tfp tr:first-child td:first-child a.mw-file-description {
text-align: center;
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}

#articlecount > ul > li::after {
content: "";
font-weight: normal;
}

#articlecount > ul > li {
display: block;
}
}

@media (min-width: 875px) {
#mp-upper {
display: flex;
}

#mp-left {
flex: 1 1 55%;
margin-right: 2px;
}

#mp-right {
flex: 1 1 45%;
margin-left: 2px;
}
}

@media screen {
#mp-topbanner {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
border-color: #ddd;
}

#mp-banner {
background-color: #fffaf5;
border-color: #f2e0ce;
}

#mp-left {
background-color: #f5fffa;
border-color: #cef2e0;
}

#mp-left .mp-h2 {
background-color: #cef2e0;
border-color: #a3bfb1;
}

#mp-right {
background-color: #f5faff;
border-color: #cedff2;
}

#mp-right .mp-h2 {
background-color: #cedff2;
border-color: #a3b0bf;
}

#mp-middle {
background-color: #fff5fa;
border-color: #f2cedd;
}

#mp-middle .mp-h2 {
background-color: #f2cedd;
border-color: #bfa3af;
}

#mp-lower {
background-color: #faf5ff;
border-color: #ddcef2;
}

#mp-lower .mp-h2 {
background-color: #ddcef2;
border-color: #afa3bf;
}

#mp-bottom {
/* no background */
border-color: #e2e2e2;
}

#mp-bottom .mp-h2 {
background-color: #eee;
border-color: #ddd;
}

/* night mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-topbanner {
background-color: #171a1d;
border-color: #676767;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-banner {
background-color: #431107;
border-color: #663428;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-left {
background-color: #0b1e1c;
border-color: #104437;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-left .mp-h2 {
background-color: #104437;
border-color: #2f4d41;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-right {
background-color: #0d1a27;
border-color: #082849;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-right .mp-h2 {
background-color: #082849;
border-color: #a3b0bf;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-middle {
background-color: #270e1a;
border-color: #882c43;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-middle .mp-h2 {
background-color: #882c43;
border-color: #926c80;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-lower {
background-color: #130e20;
border-color: #7545ab;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-lower .mp-h2 {
background-color: #7545ab;
border-color: #afa3bf;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-bottom {
/* no background */
border-color: #676767;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night #mp-bottom .mp-h2 {
background-color: #3d3d3d;
border-color: #676767;
}
}

/* OS night mode */
@media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark ) {
html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-topbanner {
background-color: #171a1d;
border-color: #676767;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-banner {
background-color: #431107;
border-color: #663428;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-left {
background-color: #0b1e1c;
border-color: #104437;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-left .mp-h2 {
background-color: #104437;
border-color: #2f4d41;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-right {
background-color: #0d1a27;
border-color: #082849;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-right .mp-h2 {
background-color: #082849;
border-color: #a3b0bf;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-middle {
background-color: #270e1a;
border-color: #882c43;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-middle .mp-h2 {
background-color: #882c43;
border-color: #926c80;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-lower {
background-color: #130e20;
border-color: #7545ab;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-lower .mp-h2 {
background-color: #7545ab;
border-color: #afa3bf;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-bottom {
/* no background */
border-color: #676767;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-os #mp-bottom .mp-h2 {
background-color: #3d3d3d;
border-color: #676767;
}
}