Editing Wayback Machine (section)

====Civil litigation====
=====''Netbula LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc.''=====
In a 2009 case, ''Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc.'', defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the [[robots.txt]] file on its website that was causing the Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Netbula's site, pages that Chordiant believed would support its case.<ref name="Lloyd"/>

Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's website and that they should have subpoenaed Internet Archive for the pages directly.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cortes |first=Antonio |date=October 2009 |title=Motion Opposing Removal of Robots.txt |url=http://www.american-justice.org/index.cgi/Page/116/OPPOSITION-TO-MOTION-TO-COMPEL-REMOVAL-OF-ROBOT-TXT-FILE-FROM-WEBSITE/ |access-date=October 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027050350/http://www.american-justice.org/index.cgi/Page/116/OPPOSITION-TO-MOTION-TO-COMPEL-REMOVAL-OF-ROBOT-TXT-FILE-FROM-WEBSITE |archive-date=October 27, 2010 }}</ref> An employee of Internet Archive filed a sworn statement supporting Chordiant's motion, however, stating that it could not produce the web pages by any other means "without considerable burden, expense and disruption to its operations."<ref name="Lloyd"/>

Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought.<ref name="Lloyd">{{cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Howard |date=October 2009 |title=Order to Disable Robots.txt |url=http://www.american-justice.org/upload/page/123/69/docket-187-order-on-IA-motion.pdf |access-date=October 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808173832/http://www.american-justice.org/upload/page/123/69/docket-187-order-on-IA-motion.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=====''Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite''=====
In an October 2004 case, ''[[Telewizja Polska|Telewizja Polska USA, Inc.]] v. Echostar Satellite'', No. 02 C 3293, 65 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 673 (N.D. Ill. October 15, 2004), a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, perhaps for the first time. Telewizja Polska is the provider of [[TVP Polonia]] and [[EchoStar]] operates the [[Dish Network]]. Prior to the trial proceedings, EchoStar indicated that it intended to offer Wayback Machine snapshots as proof of the past content of Telewizja Polska's website. Telewizja Polska brought a motion ''[[in limine]]'' to suppress the snapshots on the grounds of [[hearsay]] and unauthenticated source, but Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay and denied TVP's motion ''in limine'' to exclude the evidence at trial.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gelman |first=Lauren |date=November 17, 2004 |title=Internet Archive's Web Page Snapshots Held Admissible as Evidence |journal=Packets |volume=2 |issue=3 |url=http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/packets002728.shtml |access-date=January 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430095339/http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/packets002728.shtml |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=Beryl A. |date=February 2006 |title=Proving Web History: How to use the Internet Archive |journal=Journal of Internet Law |pages=3–9 |url=http://www.strozfriedberg.com/files/Publication/fee98a34-d739-478b-a7db-6af37b757714/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/aae88469-9835-4fe4-ae5f-38637924314f/BAHPROVINGWEBHISTORY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043226/http://www.strozfriedberg.com/files/Publication/fee98a34-d739-478b-a7db-6af37b757714/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/aae88469-9835-4fe4-ae5f-38637924314f/BAHPROVINGWEBHISTORY.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 5, 2010 |access-date=August 6, 2008}}</ref> At the trial, however, District Court Judge Ronald Guzman, the trial judge, overruled Magistrate Keys' findings, and held that neither the affidavit of the Internet Archive employee nor the underlying pages (i.e., the Telewizja Polska website) were admissible as evidence. Judge Guzman reasoned that the employee's affidavit contained both hearsay and inconclusive supporting statements, and the purported web page, printouts were not self-authenticating.<ref>{{cite web |title=Looking For Evidence in Virtual Places Admissibility of Internet Evidence |url=https://www.netforlawyers.com/page/looking-evidence-virtual-places-admissibility-internet-evidence |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701055139/https://www.netforlawyers.com/page/looking-evidence-virtual-places-admissibility-internet-evidence |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Levitt |first1=Carole A. |last2=Rosch |first2=Mark E. |title=Find Info Like a Pro: Mining the Internet's Publicly Available Resources for Investigative Research, Tom 1 |date=2010 |publisher=American Bar Association |isbn=978-1-60442-890-2 |pages=194–196 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SUErZdbvcOkC |access-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-date=December 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218143732/https://books.google.com/books?id=SUErZdbvcOkC |url-status=live }}</ref>